Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen

Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen
Count of Diez Count of Nassau-Siegen Count of Vianden
Coat of arms
Reign	1384–1420 (Diez) 1416–1420 (Nassau-Siegen) 1417–1420 (Vianden)
Predecessor	Gerhard VII (Diez) John I (Nassau-Siegen) Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach (Vianden)
Successor	Godfrey VII of Eppstein-Münzenberg (half Diez) John II with the Helmet (Nassau-Siegen, Vianden and half Diez) Engelbert I (Nassau-Siegen, Vianden and half Diez) John III the Younger (Nassau-Siegen, Vianden and half Diez)
Full name	Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen
Native name	Adolf I. Graf von Nassau-Siegen
Born	1362
Died	12 June 1420
Noble family	House of Nassau-Siegen
Spouse(s)	Jutta of Diez Kunigonda of Isenburg-Limburg
Issue Detail	Jutta
Father	John I of Nassau-Siegen
Mother	Margaret of the Mark [nl]

Count Adolf I of Nassau-Siegen^{[note 1]} (1362 – 12 June 1420), German: Adolf I. Graf von Nassau-Siegen, was since 1384 Count of Diez, through his first marriage. With his brothers, he succeeded his father in 1416 as Count of Nassau-Siegen^{[note 2]} (a part of the County of Nassau), and also inherited the County of Vianden in 1417. He descended from the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau.

Adolf was born in 1362^{[1][2][3][note 3]} as the eldest son of Count John I of Nassau-Siegen and Countess Margaret of the Mark [nl].^[2][3]

On 30 November 1376, a marriage contract was concluded between Adolf's father and Count Gerhard VII of Diez, for a marriage of the latter's only daughter Jutta to Adolf. The family of the counts of Diez was on the verge of becoming extinct in the male line; the County of Diez would then pass to Jutta, who was at most eight years old. According to this contract, Adolf would immediately receive everything that was or would become due to his father from the inheritance of Nassau-Hadamar. In addition, Adolf was to receive the dowers belonging to his grandmother Adelaide of Vianden (the Herbermark and the parish of Haiger), as well as half of castle, city and district of Löhnberg, but only until he came into full possession of the Nassau-Hadamar inheritance. The marriage contract further stipulated that the Zents [de] of Nentershausen, Meudt, Salz, Hundsangen, and two others, transferred by Gerhard, Dehrn Castle [de] and the district of Kirberg [de] were to be redeemed by John and given to his daughter-in-law as a dower. The dowry was set at 7,000 guilders and assigned to Dehrn [de], the six Zents, Laurenburg, the Esterau and the Zents of Diez in the parish of Driedorf. If Gerhard were to die without leaving any sons, his daughter's marriage to Adolf would be consummated immediately and the entire County of Diez would pass to him.^[4]

Adolf came into possession of the County of Diez through his marriage to Jutta before 1384.^[5] Roman King Wenceslaus invested him with the county in 1384.^[2][3] The beginning of his reign was very unsettled: it fell at the time of a great devastating feud, which was led by the cities of the Rhenish Confederation and their allies, especially Count Rupert the Bellicose of Nassau-Sonnenberg, against the nobility on the Rhine and in the Wetterau and their allies, to whom Adolf's father-in-law Gerhard belonged, under the name of the Hattsteinischen Krieg (Hattstein War). A claim by Adolf to the city of Frankfurt around 1393 for compensation for damages shows that the Frankfurters and Rupert in particular had caused great devastation in the County of Weilnau [de] and had burned several villages in the County of Diez itself. This was probably the reason why Adolf lived in constant hostilities with Frankfurt until 1412, as proven by several letters of refusal still in existence. That this very feud was the cause of the alliance which Adolf established with Archbishop Werner of Trier on 8 November 1388 and for which he had the latter pay him 2,000 guilders, is probable, because Adolf, from the relatives of the House of Nassau, against whom this alliance was not supposed to be directed, explicitly excluded Rupert.^[5]

As Count of Diez, Adolf build Ardeck Castle [de]^[2][3][6] in 1394. The castle primarily served to secure Nassau-Diez territory against the counts of Katzenelnbogen (in particular Burgschwalbach).^[6]

With his brothers John II with the Helmet, Engelbert I and John III the Younger, Adolf already agreed on a joint continuation of the government of the County of Nassau-Siegen, when their father would die,^[7][8] on 21 December 1409. Whichever of the brothers would be native or closest to his lands on the father's death should take possession of them in all brothers' name until a division would have taken place.^[8] Likewise, they promised each other, out of conviction of mutual advantages, not to inflict any violent advances on each other, and to allow the preferences of one and the other to apply, which had been established by older decrees.^[9] Whoever would take something for himself alone would be disinherited. All parental decrees favouring one brother over the other were declared null and void in advance. Adolf hereby tacitly renounced his right to the part of Nassau-Hadamar and the districts of Herborn, Haiger and Löhnberg, which he could have claimed in advance from the marriage contract with the heiress of the County of Diez.^[8] In accordance with this agreement, the brothers took over the government jointly after their father's death in 1416.^{[1][7][8][9][note 4]} However, the intended division did not take place: Adolf had no male offspring, the elder John was not married, the younger of the same name was a clergyman; it was to be expected that a division would not last long.^[8] Together, the brothers bought back the other half of the city of Siegen from the Electorate of Cologne.^{[1][note 5]}

When Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach, Countess of Vianden, died without issue in 1417, the four brothers, grandsons of Adelaide of Vianden, Elisabeth's great-aunt, inherited the County of Vianden with the lordships of St. Vith, Bütgenbach, Dasburg and Grimbergen.^{[1][note 6]}

Shortly before his death, in 1420, Adolf transferred Altweilnau [de], Wehrheim and Rosbach to Walter and Frank von Kronberg for 4300 guilders, or rather only renewed an older pledge. Adolf is mentioned as living for the last time in the settlement with the Electorate of Trier about the lordship of Limburg of 22 April 1420, but as deceased in the settlement of his brothers with Lord Godfrey VII of Eppstein-Münzenberg about the County of Diez of 2 July of the same year. According to the Necrologium [de] of Arnstein Abbey, 12 June is the date of his death.^{[5][note 7]} Adolf was succeeded as Count of Diez by his son-in-law Godfrey VII of Eppstein-Münzenberg in one half and by his brothers in the other half. His brothers also succeeded Adolf as Count of Nassau-Siegen and Count of Vianden.^[1] On 2 July 1420, Engelbert I and Count Godfrey VII of Eppstein-Münzenberg transferred the County of Diez, which was an imperial fief, to Archbishop Otto [de] of Trier, and received it back from him as a fief.^[10]

• 
  Diez Castle. Photo: Peter Klassen, 2006.
• 
  Ardeck Castle. Photo: Johannes Robalotoff, 2009.
• 
  Siegen Castle, 2011.
• 
  Vianden Castle. Photo: Vincent de Groot, 2004.

Adolf married (marriage contract 30 November 1376^{[4][note 8]}) to Countess Jutta of Diez (after 1367^[2][3] – 14 August 1397^[2][3][5]), daughter of Count Gerhard VII of Diez and Countess Gertrud of Westerburg.^[2][3]

Adolf and Jutta were related in the fourth degree, great-grandchildren of the brothers Henry I of Nassau-Siegen and Emicho I of Nassau-Hadamar. It was stipulated in the marriage contract that Adolf's father had to seek dispensation from the Pope for the marriage.^[11]

From the marriage of Adolf and Jutta only one daughter was born:

1. Jutta (d. 2 August 1424^[2][3]), married in 1401^[2][3][5] to Lord Godfrey VII of Eppstein-Münzenberg (d. 28 June 1437^[2][3]), since 1420 Count of half Diez.^[1][2][3]

According to the marriage contract, Jutta received the still unpledged half of Altweilnau and Werheim as hereditary property instead of the dowry of 3000 guilders, with the right to redeem a quarter of it for hereditary property.^[12] If Adolf were to die without leaving any sons, the succession to the entire County of Diez was assured to Jutta and her heirs. A daughter whom Adolf might produce in a second marriage, on the other hand, was to have a right of inheritance to Diez before Jutta.^[13]

Adolf remarried in 1402^[2][3] to Kunigunde of Isenburg-Limburg (d. 15 March 1403^[2][3][5]), daughter of John II of Isenburg, Lord of Limburg and Countess Hildegard of Saarwerden. The marriage remained childless.^[2][3]

• Becker, E. (1983) [1950]. Schloss und Stadt Dillenburg. Ein Gang durch ihre Geschichte in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Zur Gedenkfeier aus Anlaß der Verleihung der Stadtrechte am 20. September 1344 herausgegeben (in German) (Neuauflage ed.). Dillenburg: Der Magistrat der Stadt Dillenburg.
• Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek.
• Huberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain & Magdelaine, F. & B. (1981). l'Allemagne Dynastique (in French). Vol. Tome III: Brunswick-Nassau-Schwarzbourg. Le Perreux: Alain Giraud. ISBN 2-901138-03-9.
• Lück, Alfred (1981) [1967]. Siegerland und Nederland (in German) (2nd ed.). Siegen: Siegerländer Heimatverein e.V.
• von Stramberg, Chr. (1865). Denkwürdiger und nützlicher Rheinischer Antiquarius, welcher die wichtigsten und angenehmsten geographischen historischen und politischen Merkwürdigkeiten des ganzen Rheinstroms, von seinem Ausflusse in das Meer bis zu seinem Ursprunge darstellt. Von einem Nachforscher in historischen Dingen. Mittelrhein. Der II. Abtheilung. 13. Band. Der Rheingau. Historisch und topografisch (in German). Vol. Vierter Band. Coblenz: Rud. Friedr. Hergt.
• Vorsterman van Oyen, A.A. (1882). Het vorstenhuis Oranje-Nassau. Van de vroegste tijden tot heden (in Dutch). Leiden & Utrecht: A.W. Sijthoff & J.L. Beijers.

• Nassau-Dillenburg, Adolf Graf von (in German). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) (in German).