Battle of Dhi Qar

Battle of Dhi Qar ; معركة ذي قار
Date	604–611
Location	Sasanian Empire (Dhi Qar, Southern Iraq)
Result	Arab victory
Belligerents
Sasanian Persia ; Pro-Sasanian Arabs	Banu Bakr; Banu Ijl; Banu Yashkur; Banu Dhuhl; Banu Qays; Banu Taym ibn Tha'labah; Abd al-Qays; Banu Tamim;
Commanders and leaders
Iyas ibn Qabisah al-Ta'i ; Hamrez al-Tasatturi † ; Al-Nu'man bin Zara'a † ; Khalid bin Yazid al-Buhrani † ; Khanabarin † ; Hamarz † ; Hormuzan	Hani' bin Qubaisah ; Hantala bin Tha'laba al-Ajli ; Abd Amr bin Bashar al-Dhubai'y ; Jabala bin Ba'ith al-Yashkury ; Al-Harith bin Wa'la al-Thahli ; Al-Harith bin Rabi'a al-Taimi
Strength
2,000 Persian soldiers, with 3,000 Arabs	2,000–5,000
Casualties and losses
Almost all the army lost	Minimal

The Battle of Dhi Qar (Arabic: يوم ذي قار), also known as the War of the Camel's Udder,^[3] was a pre-Islamic battle fought between Arab tribes and the Sasanian Empire in Southern Iraq. The battle occurred after the death of Al-Nu'man III by the orders of Khosru II.^[4]

The dating of the event is disputed. The Encyclopædia Iranica entry on the subject says:

"According to certain Muslim traditions, the battle took place in the year 1/623 or 2/624... Ebn Ḥabīb... dated it earlier, between 606 and 622, but modern scholars have narrowed this range to 604-11"^[2]

The battle of Dhū-Qār is reported in many classical works of Arabic history and literature. The longest, but not necessarily most representative, version is Bishr ibn Marwān al-Asadī's Ḥarb Banī Shaybān maʻa Kisrá Ānūshirwān (Arabic: حرب بني شيبان مع كسرى آنوشروان).^[5]

References

^ Ahmad, Nawawi (1976). Arab Unity and Disunity (PDF) (Thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-02. Retrieved 10 May 2021. Despite the small number of troops involved, the decisive victory of the Arabs is seen as the beginning of a new era, since it gave the Arab tribes a new confidence and enthusiasm.
^ ^a ^b Landau-Tasseron, Ella. "ḎŪ QĀR". ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ Mackintosh-Smith, Tim. "ON THE EDGE OF GREATNESS THE DAYS OF THE ARABS" ARABS A 3,000-YEAR HISTORY of PEOPLES, TRIBES and EMPIRES . Yale University Press, 2019, pp.110.
^ Bosworth 1983, p. 3.
^ Ḥarb Banī Shaybān maʻa Kisrá Ānūshirwān, ed. by Muḥammad Jāsim Ḥammādī Mashhadānī (Baghdad: s.n., 1988; first publ. Bombay 1887); Hamad Alajmi, 'Pre-Islamic Poetry and Speech Act Theory: Al-A`sha, Bishr ibn Abi Khazim, and al-Ḥujayjah' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University, 2012), p. 163.

Sources

Bosworth, C. E. (1983). "Iran and the Arabs Before Islam". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 593–612. ISBN 978-0-521-200929.
Morony, Michael G. (2005) [1984]. Iraq After The Muslim Conquest. Gorgias Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-59333-315-7.^{[permanent dead link]}

[1] Ahmad, Nawawi (1976). Arab Unity and Disunity (PDF) (Thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-02. Retrieved 10 May 2021. Despite the small number of troops involved, the decisive victory of the Arabs is seen as the beginning of a new era, since it gave the Arab tribes a new confidence and enthusiasm.

[Iranicazooqar-2] Landau-Tasseron, Ella. "ḎŪ QĀR". ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA. Retrieved 8 January 2012.

[3] Mackintosh-Smith, Tim. "ON THE EDGE OF GREATNESS THE DAYS OF THE ARABS" ARABS A 3,000-YEAR HISTORY of PEOPLES, TRIBES and EMPIRES . Yale University Press, 2019, pp.110.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth19833-4] Bosworth 1983, p. 3.

[5] Ḥarb Banī Shaybān maʻa Kisrá Ānūshirwān, ed. by Muḥammad Jāsim Ḥammādī Mashhadānī (Baghdad: s.n., 1988; first publ. Bombay 1887); Hamad Alajmi, 'Pre-Islamic Poetry and Speech Act Theory: Al-A`sha, Bishr ibn Abi Khazim, and al-Ḥujayjah' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University, 2012), p. 163.

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v t Ancient Iranian wars
Median state	Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire Fall of Nineveh Battle of the Eclipse Medo-Persian conflict (Persian Revolt) Battle of Hyrba Battle of the Persian Border Siege of Pasargadae Hill Battle of Pasargadae Fall of Ecbatana
Achaemenid Empire	Conquest of Asia Minor Fall of Babylon First conquest of Egypt Revolts against Darius I Scythian campaign Conquest of Indus Valley Ionian Revolt Invasions of Greece 1st 2nd Peloponnesian War Revolt of Cyrus the Younger Corinthian War Cadusian campaign Great Satraps' Revolt Abdashtart I' revolt Fall of the Empire
Parthian Empire	Parni conquest of Parthia Seleucid Wars Bactrian War Scythian Wars Armenian War Roman Wars Fall of the Empire
Sasanian Empire	Roman Wars Against Byzantine Empire Kushan War Against Arab tribes Hephthalite Wars Armenian revolt Aksumite Wars Annexation of Yemen Civil war of 589–591 Göktürk Wars 1st 2nd 3rd Battle of Dhi Qar Civil war of 628–632 Fall of the Empire
Military history

Battle of Dhi Qar

See also

References

Sources

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