China Railways DF

Dongfeng 东风
DF-1206 is in Liuzhou Railway Vacational Technical College, May 2016.
Type and origin Power type Diesel-electric Builder Dalian Locomotive Works Qishuyan Locomotive Works Datong Locomotive Works Chengdu Locomotive Works Model TE3 Build date 1958 - 1974 1981 Total produced 933
Specifications Configuration: ​  • AAR C-C  • UIC Co′Co′ Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Length 16,920 mm (55 ft 6 in) Width 3,335 mm (10 ft 11.3 in) Height 4,775 mm (15 ft 8.0 in) Axle load 21 t (46,000 lb) Loco weight 126 t (278,000 lb) Fuel type Diesel Prime mover 10L207E Generator ZQFR-1350 Traction motors 6 x ZQDR-204 Transmission electric (DC-DC)
Performance figures Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph)(DF) 120 km/h (75 mph)(DF3)
Career Operators China Railway Vietnam Railways Numbers DF 1201～1830 (CR) DF 2001～2094 (CR) DF3 0001～0226 (CR) D16E 2006-2008 (VR) Nicknames Old DF (老东风) Crying face (哭脸) (DF 1201～1277)

The DF (Chinese: 东风; pinyin: Dōngfēng) was a type of diesel-electric locomotive used in the People's Republic of China. It was first introduced in 1958 and was produced until 1974. It was the first common mixed-traffic diesel-electric locomotive in China and was used for both passenger and freight services. The DF3 (Chinese: 东风3; pinyin: Dōngfēng 3) is an upgraded model of the DF.

The DF design was based on a 1958 built prototype, the Julong, which was essentially a Soviet TE3 and was built with Soviet technical assistance. The DF used a 10-cylinder opposed piston engine of type 10E207. This was a copy of the Soviet 2D100 design, itself a copy of the Fairbanks Morse 38D8 ¾. Like the TE3s, the DFs were designed to be used in pairs, back to back, but appear to have spent most of their lives working singly, hardly a problem when there were wyes everywhere to turn steam locomotives.^[1]

DF and DF3 were used in many parts of China but by the late 1980s, more modern diesels, such as the DF4B, had ousted them from primary routes. Some hung on in CNR service until the mid-1990s but few, if any, made it beyond the millennium. A number of redundant locos were bought by industrial and local railway operators, including the Heihe Local Railway in northern Heilongjiang. Heihe's had finished by 2008 and it's highly unlikely that any remain in service.^[2]

• DF3-0058 was named "Zhou Enlai"^[3]

DFs have been manufactured by several factories:

• Dalian Locomotive Works
• Qishuyan Locomotive Works
• Datong Locomotive Works
• Chengdu Locomotive Works^{[note 1]}

• DF-1205: is preserved at Jiagedaqi Locomotive Depot, Harbin Railway Bureau.
• DF-1206: is preserved at Liuzhou Railway Vacational Technical College^[4]
• DF-1301: is preserved at China Railway Museum.
• DF-2058: is preserved at Yunnan Railway Museum.^[5]
• DF-2207 is in Luohu District, Shenzhen.^[6]

• JL-0001: made by Dalian Locomotive Works in September 1958. However, the JL Locomotive was scrapped in 2000s.
• 3 DFs belong to Yunnan Smelter: DF-2026, DF-2012, DF-1683.^[5]
• At least 4 DFs in Guangxi: Nanning Chemical Factory have DF-1227 and DF-1210; Nanning Huqiu Steel Market have DF-1587; DF-1846 was located in Guilin East railway station [zh].

These three DF Locomotives were imported from China and were numbered 2006 -2008. The main photo above depicts D16E - 2008 outside the Yen Vien Locomotive Workshop. They were apparently used for Yen Vien - Dong Dang freights and were rated at 1800 hp but were down rated to 1600 hp in VN service. It would appear that at least one locomotive has survived (at least up to 2004) and is stored at the back of a shed in Yen Vien. There is a suggestion also that the original 3 were somehow cannibalised when parts became scarce.^[7]

• China Railway DF4, the successor model of DF