Free product of associative algebras

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Algebraic structure → Ring theory Ring theory
Basic concepts Rings • Subrings • Ideal • Quotient ring • Fractional ideal • Total ring of fractions • Product of rings • Free product of associative algebras • Tensor product of algebras Ring homomorphisms • Kernel • Inner automorphism • Frobenius endomorphism Algebraic structures • Module • Associative algebra • Graded ring • Involutive ring • Category of rings • Initial ring ${\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }$ • Terminal ring ${\displaystyle 0=\mathbb {Z} /1\mathbb {Z} }$ Related structures • Field • Finite field • Non-associative ring • Lie ring • Jordan ring • Semiring • Semifield
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In algebra, the free product (coproduct) of a family of associative algebras ${\displaystyle A_{i},i\in I}$ over a commutative ring R is the associative algebra over R that is, roughly, defined by the generators and the relations of the ${\displaystyle A_{i}}$'s. The free product of two algebras A, B is denoted by A ∗ B. The notion is a ring-theoretic analog of a free product of groups.

In the category of commutative R-algebras, the free product of two algebras (in that category) is their tensor product.

We first define a free product of two algebras. Let A and B be algebras over a commutative ring R. Consider their tensor algebra, the direct sum of all possible finite tensor products of A, B; explicitly, ${\displaystyle T=\bigoplus _{n=0}^{\infty }T_{n}}$ where

${\displaystyle T_{0}=R,\,T_{1}=A\oplus B,\,T_{2}=(A\otimes A)\oplus (A\otimes B)\oplus (B\otimes A)\oplus (B\otimes B),\,T_{3}=\cdots ,\dots }$

We then set

${\displaystyle A*B=T/I}$

where I is the two-sided ideal generated by elements of the form

${\displaystyle a\otimes a'-aa',\,b\otimes b'-bb',\,1_{A}-1_{B}.}$

We then verify the universal property of coproduct holds for this (this is straightforward.)

A finite free product is defined similarly.

• K. I. Beidar, W. S. Martindale and A. V. Mikhalev, Rings with generalized identities, Section 1.4. This reference was mentioned in "Coproduct in the category of (noncommutative) associative algebras". Stack Exchange. May 9, 2012.

• "How to construct the coproduct of two (non-commutative) rings". Stack Exchange. January 3, 2014.

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