French submarine Gymnote (S655)

History
France
Name	Gymnote
Namesake	Gymnotus
Ordered	1961
Builder	Arsenal de Cherbourg
Laid down	17 March 1963
Launched	17 March 1964
Commissioned	17 October 1966
Out of service	1986
Identification	Q244, Q251, S655
Fate	Scrapped
General characteristics
Type	Submarine
Displacement	3,000 tons surfaced 3,250 tons submerged
Length	84.0 m (275.6 ft)
Beam	10.6 m (35 ft)
Draught	7.6 m (25 ft)
Propulsion	2 shaft diesel electric
Speed	11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) surfaced 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) submerged
Complement	78 men
Armament	4 launch tubes for SLBM

Gymnote (S655) was an experimental submarine of the French Navy. She was a trials submarine for submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) and powered by diesel electric engines. She is named in honour of Gymnote, the world's first all-electric submarine built in France in the late 19th century.

The French planned a nuclear propelled submarine in the late 1950s and laid down a hull (no Q244). Because France had not developed uranium enrichment facilities at the time, the planned power plant was to be a heavy water reactor, which could utilize natural uranium. But French engineers were unable to produce a reactor small enough to fit into the submarine, which led to the project being canceled in 1959.^[1]

In the early 1960s the French government decided to develop an independent nuclear deterrent based on SLBM's. Hull Q244 was redesigned as a trials submarine with diesel-electric propulsion and four missile tubes in an extended casing. Re-designated Q251 and christened Gymnote, she was commissioned in 1966 and fired the first M-1 missile in 1968. The M-1 missile was subsequently deployed aboard the Redoutable-class submarines. She was extensively rebuilt in 1977-79 to enable trials of the new M-4 missile. In the 1980s, as part of a general re-numbering of the French submarine fleet, Gymnote was re-designated S655.

Gymnote was decommissioned in 1986.

• List of submarines of France

• Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. London: Conway Maritime. ISBN 0-85177-605-1. OCLC 34284130. Also published as Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. OCLC 34267261.