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Levy County, Florida

Levy County
County
Levy County Courthouse
Levy County Courthouse
Map of Florida highlighting Levy County
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Map of the United States highlighting Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 29°17′N 82°47′W / 29.28°N 82.79°W / 29.28; -82.79
Country United States
State Florida
FoundedMarch 10, 1845
Named forDavid Levy Yulee
SeatBronson
Largest cityWilliston
Area
 • Total
1,413 sq mi (3,660 km2)
 • Land1,118 sq mi (2,900 km2)
 • Water295 sq mi (760 km2)  20.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
42,915
 • Density38/sq mi (15/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district3rd
Websitewww.levycounty.org
Levy County Courthouse, in Bronson

Levy County (/ˈliːvi/ LEE-vee) is a county located on the Gulf coast in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,915.[1] Its county seat is Bronson.[2] It has been included in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area since 2018.

History

Levy County was created in 1845, after the Seminole Wars, and became Florida's 27th county. It was named for David Levy Yulee, a slave owner elected in 1841 as the state's territorial delegate to the US House of Representatives, where he served two terms.[3]

Levy provided for long-term development in the state by constructing the first railroad across Florida, the Florida Railroad, linking the deep-water ports of Fernandina (Port of Fernandina) on the Atlantic Ocean and Cedar Key on the Gulf of Mexico.

The original county seat of Levy County was located in a neighborhood locally known as Sodom. This concerned the county commission so much that in April 1854 they changed the name to “Mount Pleasant”. The name was changed again in January 1856 to "Levyville".[4] An act of the State of Florida legislature ordered the county commissioners to let the county residents vote on the location of the county seat. In 1869, a vote was held to decide the location for the county seat. Bronson was selected by popular vote. County officials sited illegal votes cast in every precinct, so a new election was set to take place in 30 days. The Board of County Commissioners would later reverse their previous decision and let the vote stand. The process to build a new courthouse at Bronson began along with the removal of the courthouse at Levyville.

In 1874, the county seat was moved to Bronson, originally known as “Chunky Pond”, and was named after an early settler, Isaac Bronson.[5]

The Rosewood Massacre occurred in Levy County in the first week of January 1923. White citizens from the nearby town of Sumner, reacting to a what turned out to be a false accusation that a black man raped a white woman, burned the predominantly black town of Rosewood to the ground and brutally murdered several of Rosewood's black citizens. A film based on the incident was made in 1997, but was not filmed in Levy County.[6]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,413 square miles (3,660 km2), of which 1,118 square miles (2,900 km2) is land and 295 square miles (760 km2) (20.9%) is water.[7]

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1850465—
18601,781283.0%
18702,01813.3%
18805,767185.8%
18906,58614.2%
19008,60330.6%
191010,36120.4%
19209,921−4.2%
193012,45625.6%
194012,5500.8%
195010,637−15.2%
196010,364−2.6%
197012,75623.1%
198019,87055.8%
199025,92330.5%
200034,45032.9%
201040,80118.4%
202042,9155.2%
2023 (est.)46,545[8]8.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2015[1] 2019[13]
Levy County racial composition as of 2020
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[a]
Race Pop 2010[16] Pop 2020[17] % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 32,958 32,874 80.78% 76.6%
Black or African American (NH) 3,756 3,597 9.21% 8.38%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 129 122 0.32% 0.28%
Asian (NH) 228 292 0.56% 0.68%
Pacific Islander (NH) 14 11 0.03% 0.03%
Some Other Race (NH) 48 170 0.12% 0.4%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 621 1,769 1.52% 4.12%
Hispanic or Latino 3,047 4,080 7.47% 9.51%
Total 40,801 42,915

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 42,915 people, 16,971 households, and 10,747 families residing in the county.

As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 34,450 people, 13,867 households, and 9,679 families residing in the county. The population density was 31 people per square mile (12 people/km2). There were 16,570 housing units at an average density of 15 per square mile (5.8/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 85.88% White, 10.97% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.96% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. 3.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 13,867 households, out of which 27.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.40% were married couples living together, 11.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.20% were non-families. 24.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.60% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 25.00% from 25 to 44, 26.60% from 45 to 64, and 17.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 94.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,959, and the median income for a family was $30,899. Males had a median income of $26,029 versus $20,252 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,746. About 15.00% of families and 18.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.80% of those under age 18 and 12.90% of those age 65 or over.

Proposed nuclear power plant

See also: Levy County Nuclear Power Plant

On April 7, 2008, Progress Energy Florida of St. Petersburg announced it had authorized Shaw and Westinghouse to purchase long-lead-time materials for up to two AP1000 nuclear reactors for its Levy County plant, a greenfield plant in Levy County, producing about 1,100 MW each.

Progress expects to apply for a Combined Construction and Operating License (COL) in the summer of 2008, according to a spokeswoman. Southern Company and SCANA, of whom each own an interest in the plant, would not reveal cost estimates, but Progress has said its plant will cost $14 billion,[19] with an additional $3 billion required for transmission infrastructure.[20]

Applying for a COL does not commit the utilities to construct the plant, but it is part of the licensing process, say officials of all the utilities. The application starts a 40-month review by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, meaning that approval could come in August 2011.

In late July 2013 the company said it had scrapped its plan to build the plant.[21]

Politics

Voter registration

According to the Secretary of State's office, Republicans comprise a plurality of registered voters in Levy County.

Levy County Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of March 22, 2019[22]
Political party Total voters Percentage
Republican 13,293 47.5%
Democratic 9,039 32.3%
other party affiliation 5,626 20.1%
Total 27,958 100%
United States presidential election results for Levy County, Florida[23]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 18,245 74.62% 5,994 24.51% 212 0.87%
2020 16,749 72.24% 6,205 26.76% 231 1.00%
2016 13,775 70.64% 5,101 26.16% 623 3.20%
2012 12,054 65.31% 6,119 33.15% 284 1.54%
2008 11,754 62.56% 6,711 35.72% 324 1.72%
2004 10,410 62.52% 6,074 36.48% 168 1.01%
2000 6,863 53.91% 5,398 42.40% 469 3.68%
1996 4,299 38.85% 4,938 44.63% 1,828 16.52%
1992 3,796 34.71% 4,330 39.59% 2,810 25.69%
1988 5,253 59.75% 3,434 39.06% 104 1.18%
1984 5,561 64.19% 3,103 35.81% 0 0.00%
1980 3,210 42.26% 4,170 54.90% 216 2.84%
1976 1,965 31.87% 4,025 65.28% 176 2.85%
1972 3,273 79.12% 862 20.84% 2 0.05%
1968 745 18.81% 767 19.36% 2,449 61.83%
1964 1,580 44.31% 1,986 55.69% 0 0.00%
1960 996 33.21% 2,003 66.79% 0 0.00%
1956 934 33.90% 1,821 66.10% 0 0.00%
1952 1,066 34.66% 2,010 65.34% 0 0.00%
1948 225 11.12% 1,128 55.76% 670 33.12%
1944 225 9.65% 2,107 90.35% 0 0.00%
1940 266 9.52% 2,527 90.48% 0 0.00%
1936 183 8.37% 2,003 91.63% 0 0.00%
1932 123 7.05% 1,621 92.95% 0 0.00%
1928 711 46.23% 797 51.82% 30 1.95%
1924 214 26.23% 524 64.22% 78 9.56%
1920 377 29.50% 882 69.01% 19 1.49%
1916 216 22.29% 712 73.48% 41 4.23%
1912 74 13.91% 375 70.49% 83 15.60%
1908 189 27.19% 411 59.14% 95 13.67%
1904 151 24.59% 426 69.38% 37 6.03%

Education

Public schools

School Board of Levy County operates public schools.

Public libraries

The current Levy County Library Director[when?] is Jeanine Turner.

The Levy County Public Library System has five branches:

  • Bronson Public Library

600 Gilbert Street Bronson, FL 32621 Phone: (352) 486-2015

  • Cedar Key Public Library

460 Second Street Cedar Key, FL 32625 Phone: (352) 543-5777

  • Luther Callaway Public Library

104 NE 3rd Street Chiefland, FL 32626 Phone: (352) 493-2758

  • Williston Public Library

10 SE 1st Street Williston, FL 32696 Phone: (352) 528-2313

  • A.F. Knotts Public Library

11 56th Street Yankeetown, FL 34498 Phone: (352) 447-4212[24]

Transportation

Airports

Public transit

Levy County Transit has public buses but doesn't have routes available online.[25][26]

Railroads

Levy County has only one railroad line running throughout the county, and only within eastern Levy along US 41. The line is a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that is now used by the Florida Northern Railroad for freight to the Crystal River 3 Nuclear Power Plant in Red Level, Citrus County. Notable abandoned lines include a Seaboard Air Line Railroad line that is in proximity to the existing former ACL line, a Florida Railway and Navigation Company line running parallel to State Road 24, and a third in western and southern Levy County that spans from Fanning Springs towards the Dunnellon area running along US 19-98 until it reaches Lebanon Junction, where it runs along CR 336. The segment of that line between Fanning Springs and Chiefland is part of the Nature Coast State Trail.

Major roads

See also: List of county roads in Levy County, Florida
  • US 19 / US 98 (SR 55) is the main local road through western Levy County, running south to north.
  • US 27 runs northwest to southeast from Marion County and joins US 41 in Williston on its way to High Springs.

  •  US 27 Alt. (SR 500) is a bannered alternate of US 27 that runs northwest and southeast from US 27/US 41/SR 121 in Williston to US 19/US 98 in Chiefland, which it joins on its way to Perry.
  • US 41 (SR 45) is the main local road through eastern Levy County, running south to north. Until the north end of the concurrency with SR 121 in Williston, the road is also shared by the DeSoto Trail.
  • US 129 (SR 49) is an auxiliary route of US 29 that runs northeast from Chiefland, and then turns north in Trenton on its way through Jasper before heading north into Georgia.
  • SR 24 is an east to west highway through the central part of the county from Cedar Key into Alachua County. A county-suffixed alternate route can be found in Bronson.
  • SR 121 is a south to north road that runs southwest to northeast from Lebanon Junction through Williston, and then into Alachua County and beyond, as it takes a long journey through Georgia and South Carolina as a tri-state de facto auxiliary route from U.S. Route 21 in Rock Hill, South Carolina.
  • SR 320 is an east–west route connecting Manatee Springs State Park with US 19/98/Alternate US 27 in Chiefland. A county extension of the road exists north of the eastern terminus with US 19/98/ALT 27 leading to CR 339 in Newton.
  • SR 345 / CR 345 is a combined county and state road spanning from Rosewood to Chiefland.
  • CR 40 runs mostly east and west through southern Levy County. It spans from the Gulf of Mexico in Yankeetown winding along the Withlacoochee River, on the way to Dunnellon and Rainbow Lakes Estates in Marion County, where it eventually becomes State Road 40. The segment between the Gulf of Mexico and US 19-98 is officially named Follow That Dream Boulevard, after the 1962 Elvis Presley movie.
  • CR 326 runs mostly east and west through southeastern Levy County as a bi-county extension of State Road 326. It spans from a dead end at the Waccasassa River in Gulf Hammock winding northeast through US 19-98 until it reaches CR 343 where it turns east. After running through Goethe State Forest it intersects CR 337 in Morris Junction, and then SR 121. By the time it reaches eastern Levy County it has a brief multiplex with southbound US 41 where both serve as the southern terminus of CR 323, only for CR 326 to turn east again as it eventually crosses the Levy-Marion County line, on the way to Ocala and Silver Springs. The segment between I-75 (Exit 358) and SR 40 becomes a state road.
  • CR 336 is a bi-county road that runs mostly southeast and northwest through southwestern Levy County in two segments. It spans from CR 347 southwest of Chiefland, along various local streets, and even overlaps CR 345, then runs southeast toward SR 24 at Otter Creek. From there it is hidden along local streets that merge with US 19–98, which completely overshadows it until the at-grade interchange with SR 121 in Lebanon Junction, where it is exposed again running through the southern segment of Goethe State Forest, and later crosses the Levy-Marion County line, where it overlaps CR 40 all the way to Dunnellon.
  • CR 337 is a tri-county road that runs south and north through central Levy County, as well as southwestern Alachua and eastern Gilchrist counties. It spans from CR 336 in Goethe State Forest and runs primarily along the eastern outskirts of the forest occasionally entering some forest land. North of the forest area, it enters the city of Bronson, where it intersects US Alternate 27, SR 24 and CR 32. Further north of the city limits it crosses the Levy-Alachua County line.

Communities

# Incorporated Community Designation Population (2020)
1 Williston City 2,976
2 Chiefland City 2,316
3 Inglis Town 1,476
5 Bronson (county seat) Town 1,140
4 Fanning Springs# City 1,182
6 Cedar Key City 687
7 Yankeetown City 588
8 Otter Creek City 108

(#) Partially in Gilchrist County

# Census-designated places Population (2020)
1 Rainbow Lakes Estates# 3,438
2 Williston Highlands 2,591
3 Manatee Road 2,484
4 East Bronson 2,025
5 Andrews 837
6 East Williston 780
7 Raleigh 357
8 Morriston 165

(#) Partially in Marion County

Other unincorporated communities

Ghost communities

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[14][15]

References

  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Publications of the Florida Historical Society. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 32.
  4. ^ "Search for yesterday".
  5. ^ "Florida and The Birth of Levy County" (PDF). www.votelevy.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  6. ^ Jay Boyar (February 19, 1997). "The Making of Rosewood". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  7. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  8. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  9. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  11. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  13. ^ "QuickFacts. Florida counties". Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  14. ^ https://www.census.gov/ [not specific enough to verify]
  15. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  16. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  17. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  18. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  19. ^ reuters.com
  20. ^ [https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Florida+PSC+Approves+Progress+Energy%27s+Plans+for+New+Nuclear+Power...-a0181424366 Florida PSC Approves Progress Energy's Plans for New Nuclear Power Units units/?printmode=1
  21. ^ Florida Power & Light asks to continue to collect for Turkey Point expansion, by Mary Ellen Klas and Herald Times, August 6, 2013
  22. ^ "Voter Registration - Current by County - Division of Elections - Florida Department of State". Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  23. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  24. ^ "Levy County Library System". Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  25. ^ "Rural Transit Agencies". FDOT. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  26. ^ "Welcome to Levy County, FL". www.levycounty.org. Retrieved December 6, 2023.

Newspapers and media

Government links/Constitutional offices

Special districts

Judicial branch

Tourism links/Chambers of Commerce

29°17′N 82°47′W / 29.28°N 82.79°W / 29.28; -82.79

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