List of political parties in the Netherlands
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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.[1]
No party has won (close to) a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.[2] All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
National political parties
Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament
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Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament
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Regional and local political parties
European Netherlands
Regional parties
| Political party | Active in | Seats in the prov. council |
European affiliation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FNP | 
|
Frisian National Party Fryske Nasjonale Partij |
 Friesland
|
4 / 43
|
EFA | |
| GB | 
|
Groninger Interest Groninger Belang |
 Groningen
|
3 / 43
|
— | |
| LB | 
|
Local Brabant Lokaal Brabant |
 North Brabant
|
2 / 55
|
— | |
| LL | 
|
Local Limburg Lokaal-Limburg |
 Limburg
|
2 / 47
|
— | |
| PvhN | Party for the North Partij voor het Noorden |
Groningen Friesland Drenthe
|
Groningen: 1 / 43
|
— | ||
| PvZ | 
|
Party for Zeeland Partij voor Zeeland |
 Zeeland
|
2 / 39
|
— | |
| PBF | 
|
Provincial Interest Fryslân Provinciaal Belang Fryslân |
Friesland
|
1 / 43
|
— | |
| SLD | 
|
Strong Local Drenthe Sterk Lokaal Drenthe |
Drenthe
|
1 / 43
|
— | |
| SLF | 
|
Strong Local Flevoland Sterk Lokaal Flevoland |
 Flevoland
|
1 / 41
|
— | |
Local parties
| Party | Main ideology | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forza! | 
|
Forza! Netherlands Forza! Nederland |
Right-wing populism | Right-wing | |
| HvDH | Heart for The Hague Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de Mos |
Conservative liberalism | Right-wing | ||
| LR | 
|
Livable Rotterdam Leefbaar Rotterdam |
Fortuynism | Right-wing | |
| VSP | 
|
United Seniors Party Verenigde Senioren Partij |
Pensioners' interests | Single-issue politics | |
Water board parties
| Political party | Main ideology | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWP | 
|
General Water Board Party Algemene Waterschapspartij |
Apoliticism | Syncretic | |
| WN | 
|
Water Natuurlijk | Green politics | Centre-left | |
Caribbean Netherlands
Bonaire
| Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American | Intl. | ||||||
| PDB | Bonaire Democratic Party Partido Demokrátiko Boneriano |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Clark Abraham | — | — | |
| UPB | Bonaire Patriotic Union Union Patriótiko Boneriano |
Christian democracy | Centre | James Kroon | ODCA | CDI | |
| MPB | Bonaire People's Movement Movementu di Pueblo Boneriano |
Christian socialism | Centre | Elvis Tjin Asjoe | — | — | |
| FSP | Social Progressive Front Frente Sosial Progresivo |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Robby Beukenboom | — | — | |
Saba
Sint Eustatius
| Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP | Democratic Party | Christian democracy | Centre | Adelka Spanner | |
| PLP | Progressive Labour Party | Social democracy | Centre-left | Rechelline Leerdam | |
Defunct political parties
 |
| Party | Ideology | Start | End | Max vote share |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actie Bouwman | 1934 | 1940 | 0.57 | [37] | |
| General Elderly Alliance Algemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV) |
1993 | 3.63 | |||
| General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations Algemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen |
1904 | 1926 | 30.03 | ||
| Article 50 Artikel 50 |
2012 | 2015 | 0.51 | ||
| General Dutch Fascist League Algemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB) |
Fascism | 1932 | 1934 | ||
| Anti-Revolutionary Party Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP) |
1879 | 1980 | [1] | ||
| Workers Party of the Netherlands Arbeiderspartij van Nederland |
|||||
| Farmers' Party Boerenpartij |
1958 | 1981 | 4.77 | ||
| League of Christian Socialists Bond Christen-Socialisten |
|||||
| League of Free Liberals Bond van Vrije Liberalen |
1906 | 1921 | |||
| Centre Democrats Centrum Democraten (CD) |
1984 | 2002 | 2.46 | ||
| Centre Party Centrumpartij |
1980 | 1986 | 0.83 | ||
| Centre Party '86 Centrumpartij '86 |
1986 | 1998 | |||
| Christian Democratic Party Christen-Democratische Partij |
|||||
| Christian Democratic Union Christelijk-Democratische Unie |
1926 | 1946 | 2.09 | ||
| Christian Historical Union Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU) |
1908 | 1980 | |||
| Christian Social Party Christelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP) |
1907 | 1926 | |||
| Christian Historical Voters' League Christelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK) |
1897 | 1903 | |||
| Christian Historical Party Christelijk Historische Partij |
1903 | 1908 | |||
| Communist Party of the Netherlands Communistische Partij Nederland (CPN) |
1901 | 1991 | 10.56 | ||
| Democratic Party Democratische Partij |
1921 | 1932 | |||
| Democratic Socialists '70 Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70) |
1970 | 1983 | 5.33 | ||
| Economic League Economische Bond (EB) |
1917 | 1921 | 3.11 | ||
| Entrepreneurs' Party OndernemersPartij (OP) |
2015 | 2019 | 0.12 | ||
| Europe Transparent | |||||
| Evangelical People's Party Evangelische Volkspartij (EVP) |
1981 | 1991 | 0.69 | ||
| Fatherland League | |||||
| Free and Social Netherlands | |||||
| Frisian League Friesche Bond |
1898 | 1908 | |||
| Reformed Political League Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV) |
1948 | 2003 | 1.77 | ||
| Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij | 1921 | 1946 | 1.06 | ||
| Independent Socialist Party | |||||
| Islam Democrats | |||||
| Catholic National Party | 2.71 | ||||
| Catholic People's Party | 1945 | 1980 | 31.88 | ||
| Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||
| Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland |
Communism | 1964 | 1985 | 0.03 | |
| Independent Citizens' Party | |||||
| Livable Netherlands Leefbaar Nederland (LN |
1999 | 2007 | 1.61 | ||
| Liberal State Party Liberale Staatspartij (LSP) |
1921 | 1946 | 9.26 | ||
| Liberal Party Liberale Partij |
1922 | 1925 | |||
| Liberal Union | 1885 | 1921 | |||
| Pim Fortuyn List Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) |
2002 | 2008 | 17.00 | ||
| Ratelband List | |||||
| Middle Party for City and Country | |||||
| Middle Class Party | |||||
| National Socialist Dutch Workers Party Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP) |
National socialism | 1931 | 1941 | 0.02 | |
| National Socialist Movement Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB) |
Fascism | 1931 | 1945 | 4.22 | |
| National Alliance | |||||
| Dutch Block | |||||
| New Middle Party | |||||
| Neutral Party | |||||
| New National Party Nieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP) |
1998 | 2005 | |||
| New Right Nieuw Rechts |
2003 | 2007 | |||
| NIDA | |||||
| New Ways Nieuwe Wegen |
0.14 | ||||
| Pacifist Socialist Party | 1957 | 1991 | 3.03 | ||
| Party of the Future | 2021 | ||||
| Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity | 2022 | ||||
| Freedom Party Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV) |
1946 | 1948 | 6.41 | ||
| Party for Justice, Action and Progress | |||||
| Peasants' League | |||||
| Political Party of Radicals Politieke Partij Radikalen (PPR) |
1968 | 1990 | 4.80 | ||
| Progressive Integration Party | |||||
| Radical League | |||||
| Reformatory Political Federation | 1975 | 2003 | |||
| Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands | 0.92 | ||||
| Roman Catholic State Party | 1926 | 1945 | 29.64 | ||
| Social Democratic Workers' Party | 1894 | 1946 | 23.81 | ||
| Social Democratic League | |||||
| Socialist Party | |||||
| Union 55+ | |||||
| Alliance for the Democratisation of the Army | |||||
| League of Communists in the Netherlands | |||||
| Alliance for National Reconstruction Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel |
1933 | 1941 | 0.8 | ||
| VoorNederland | 2014 | 2017 | 0.36 | ||
| Free-minded Party | |||||
| Free-thinking Democratic League Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB) |
1901 | 1946 | 9.06 | ||
| Free Anti Revolutionary Party Vrij-Antirevolutionaire Partij (VAR) |
1898 | 1903 | |||
| Union of Actualists Verbond van Actualisten |
Actualism | 1923 | 1928 | [38] |
See also
- Politics of the Netherlands
- List of ruling political parties by country
- Liberalism in the Netherlands
- Socialism in the Netherlands
- Christian democracy in the Netherlands
- Republicanism in the Netherlands
- Fascism in the Netherlands
References
- ^ a b "Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)". Documentatiecentrum Nederlands politieke partijen (in Dutch). 27 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
- ^ a b c d Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ a b c d Josep M. Colomer (24 July 2008). Comparative European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 221f. ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
- ^ Pauwels, Teun (2014). Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Routledge. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9781317653912.
- ^ Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.
- ^ Tjitske Akkerman (2015). "Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas". Patterns of Prejudice. 49 (1–2): 37–60. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023655. S2CID 144264153.
- ^ "Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) — Europe Politique". www.europe-politique.eu. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ a b c Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
- ^ a b c Hans Keman (2008), "The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies", Comparative European Politics, Taylor & Francis, p. 221, ISBN 9780203946091
- ^ Sean Lusk; Nick Birks (2014). Rethinking Public Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-137-37758-6.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "CDA: partij van samenleving en van waarden" (in Dutch). Reformatorisch Dagblad. 8 August 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Syuzanna Vasilyan (2009). "The integration crisis in the Netherlands: the causes and the new policy measures". In Ditta Dolejšiová; Miguel Angel García López (eds.). European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe. Council of Europe. p. 73. ISBN 978-92-871-6478-0.
- ^ Hans Vollaard; Gerrit Voerman; Nelleke van de Walle (2015). "The Netherlands". In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7.
- ^ Bremmer, Ian (13 September 2012). "Going Dutch: The Netherlands' election results roll in". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ^ José Magone (3 July 2013). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4.
- ^ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". New Left Review. II (33). New Left Review.
- ^ "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008, retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
- ^ a b "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu.
- ^ Jort Statema; Paul Aarts. Timo Behr; Teija Tiilikainen (eds.). The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European. note on p. 237.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Rudy B. Andeweg; Galen A. Irwin (2014). Governance and Politics of the Netherlands (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 74.
- ^ "Standpunten" (in Dutch). Forum voor Democratie. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Tierolf, Bas; Drost, Lisanne; van Kapel, Maaike (December 2018). Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland (PDF) (Report) (in Dutch). Verwey-Jonker Instituut. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-5830-912-9. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- ^ "Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament". EurActiv. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ^ Stagni, Federica (6 December 2018). "Time For Change: How Volt Wants To Fix Europe". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "A Pro-Immigrant Party Rises in the Netherlands". The New York Times. 29 July 2016.
- ^ "Ethnic minorities desert Labour, turn to Denk ahead of March vote". Dutch News. 6 February 2017.
- ^ "Verkiezingsprogramma 2017 – 2021" (in Dutch). Libertarische Partij. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Doelstellingen" (in Dutch). Partij voor Mens en Spirit. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- ^ Piratenpartij (13 April 2010). "Structuur" [Structure] (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- ^ "Actie Bouwman" (PDF). Repetorium kleine politieke partijen (in Dutch).
- ^ "Verbond van Actualisten" (PDF). Repetorium kleine politieke partijen (in Dutch).
External links
- Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen
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