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Madiun River

Madiun River
Kali Bengawan Madioen, Kali Madioen
Madiun River is located in Java
Madiun River
Location of the mouth
Madiun River is located in Indonesia
Madiun River
Madiun River (Indonesia)
Native name
Location
CountryIndonesia
StateJawa Timur
CityMadiun
Physical characteristics
Source confluenceSome tributaries
 • locationPonorogo
MouthSolo River
 • location
Ngawi (town)
 • coordinates
7°23′17″S 111°27′28″E / 7.38796°S 111.45765°E / -7.38796; 111.45765

The Madiun River (Indonesian: Bengawan Madiun or Kali Madiun) is a river in East Java, Indonesia, about 500 km to the east of the capital Jakarta.[1] It is the largest tributary of the Solo River.[2] Its name indicates that it passes through the major city of Madiun, East Java, Indonesia.[3] This river starts as several smaller tributaries converging near the city of Ponorogo, in particular the Kali Slahung, Kali Keyang, and Kali Sungkur.[4] It eventually converges with the Solo River near the city of Ngawi.[5]

Historical note

In 1825, the Dutch East Indies soldiers built a fortress near the convergence of the Madiun and Solo rivers, to fight a local rebellion led by Diponegoro. The fortress was named Fort Van Den Bosch;[2] known locally as Benteng Pendem Ngawi.[6]

Geography

The river flows entirely within the Province of East Java, passing through Ponorogo Regency, Madiun Regency, City of Madiun, Magetan Regency, and Ngawi Regency, with a savanna climate.[7] The annual average temperature in the area is 26 °C. The warmest month is October when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is January, at 24 °C.[8] The wettest month is March, with an average of 546 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 21 mm of rainfall.[9]

For ages, the Madiun River has notoriously caused flooding during the rainy season.[10] Every year the seasonal deluge submerges many fields and houses along the river banks, including some districts in Ponorogo Regency in the upper reaches[4] and in the Ngawi Regency in the lower reaches.[11][12][13] The high debit of water overflows to the Solo River, adding to the regular flooding in Bojonegoro Regency.[14] During the dry season, the river becomes a tourist place for fishing or a place to mine sands for local people.[15]

Tourism

  • Wana Wisata Grape at the Catur river (Grape river).[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
  2. ^ a b Kali Madiun at Geonames.org (cc-by); Mail updated 2012-01-17; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
  3. ^ Kali Madiun: Indonesia - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  4. ^ a b Tamtomo, Muslimin (2014) Spatial Planning for Flood Management in Ponorogo Retention Area. Graduate School Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
  5. ^ Prawirodiharjo, S (1987). Alam Sekitar Lingkungan Hidup Manusia. PT Balai Pustaka (Persero). p. 13.
  6. ^ Ekspedisi bengawan Solo: laporan jurnalistik Kompas : kehancuran peradaban sungai besar (in Indonesian). Penerbit Buku Kompas. 2008. ISBN 9789797093907. p. 45
  7. ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
  8. ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
  9. ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
  10. ^ Junghuhn, Franz Wilhelm; Hasskarl, Justus Karl (1854). Java, seine Gestalt, Pflanzendecke und innere Bauart, Volume 2 (in German). Arnold. pp. 331, 363.
  11. ^ (in Indonesian) Bengawan Madiun Meluap - Pojokpitu, Ngawi. 18 Januari 2017.
  12. ^ (in Indonesian) Dua Kecamatan di Ngawi Terendam Luapan Air Bengawan Madiun - Bangsa Online, 02 Maret 2017.
  13. ^ (in Indonesian) Sungai Bengawan Madiun Meluap, Jalan Kwadungan-Kendung Terputus - Kompas, 24 April 2017.
  14. ^ (in Indonesian) Hilir Jatim Masuk Siaga Banjir Bengawan Solo - Madiun Raya, 16 Februari 2017.
  15. ^ (in Indonesian) Bikin Heboh! Warga Patihan Temukan Jenglot di Bengawan Madiun - Madiun Pos, 13 Januari 2016.
  16. ^ (in Indonesian) Madiun Mengaku Tak Tahu Soal Izin Wana Wisata Berita Madiun Grape - Tribun News, 11 April 2017.
  • Wiratmoko, Y.P.B (2005). Cerita rakyat dari Madiun (Jawa Timur). Seri pendidikan budaya. Grasindo. ISBN 9789797329815. p. 13. Using Madiun River as background.
  • Direktorat Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Indonesia (1972). Monografi fisis daerah aliran Sungai Kali Madiun.
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