Nicola Fergola

Nicola Fergola
Born	(1753-10-29)29 October 1753 Naples, Kingdom of Naples, today Italy
Died	21 June 1824(1824-06-21) (aged 70) Naples, Kingdom of Two Sicilies, today Italy
Resting place	Basilica di San Paolo Maggiore (Naples) 40°51′05″N 14°15′25″E / 40.85144°N 14.25683°E / 40.85144; 14.25683
Alma mater	University of Naples
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics
Institutions	Liceo del Salvatore University of Naples
Notable students	Vincenzo Flauti Annibale Giordano

Nicola Fergola (29 October 1753 – 21 June 1824) was an Italian mathematician, professor in the university of Naples.

Fergola studied in the Jesuit school; he then went to the university of Naples in 1767,^[1] but he studied mathematics by his own because the university was only strong in law and medicine. From 1770 he was teaching, by royal appointment, in the Liceo del Salvatore, a school founded in the same building where the Jesuit school had been (the Jesuit order was suppressed three years before).^[2] Fergola also founded his own private school in Naples in 1771. This school quickly gained a high reputation and many of the brightest boys of the country were sent to be educated at Fergola's boarding school.^[3] Fergola taught and did research in both synthetic and analytic geometry, paying special attention to the physical application of calculus. The first works on the application of integral calculus to physical problems published in Naples where by him.^[4]

In 1799, during the Napoleonic period, he lived in Capodimonte but, when the Borbonic monarchy was restated, he was appointed to the mathematics chair in the university of Naples.^[5] In 1821 he suffered a stroke which left him disabled for the rest of his life.^[6]

Fergola was one of the protagonists of an ideological quarrel among the Neapolitan scientists at the end of 18th and the first half of the 19th century. In the field of mathematics, the quarrel was about the use of synthetic or analytic methods. These polemics were coincident with the politically conservative conceptions of the former and the progressive views of the followers of the analytic method.

The Borbonic restoration in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, with his ultraconservative profile, made possible the maintenance of this school until the Risorgimento, but at the end of 19th century it was absolutely forgotten.^[7] To see a taste of the quarrel, here are the words pronounced by Gioacchino Ventura di Raulica in the obituary of Nicola Fergola:

Among the sciences, the mathematical ones are those which have taken the more false and disastrous direction. They were the first to be included in the assault of the philosophers against Christianity ...

— Cited by Mazzotti (1998), page 674.

The only work of Fergola is Prelezioni sui Principi matematici della filosofia naturale del cavalier Isacco Newton, published in two volumes in 1792 and 1793. It is interesting to see the religious point of view of the Newtonian force concept.

This religious conception is seen in all of Fergola's mathematical works. In 1839, was published Fergola's manuscript entitled Teorica de miracoli esposta con metodo dimostrativo in which Fergola tried to demonstrate the possibility of the miracles in a mathematical way: proposition, demonstration, theorem, lemma, scolium, i.e.

• Ferraro, Giovanni; Palladino, Franco (1993). "Sui manoscritti di Nicolò Fergola (1753-1824)". Bollettino di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche-Unione Matematica Italiana. XIII (2): 147–197.
• Botazzini, U. (1994). "The Italian States". In Ivo Grattan-Guinness (ed.). Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences. London: Routledge. pp. 1495–1504. ISBN 0-415-09238-8.
• Fazzini, Antonio (1836). "Niccolo Fergola". Poliorama Pittoresco (in Italian): 305–307.
• Mazzotti, Masimo (2002). "The Making of the Modern Engineer". In Mordechai Feingold (ed.). History of Universities: Volume XVII. Oxford University Press. pp. 121–161. ISBN 0-19-925636-5.
• Mazzotti, Masimo (1998). "The Geometers of God: Mathematics and Reaction in the Kingdom of Naples" (PDF). Isis. 89 (4): 674–701. doi:10.1086/384160. hdl:10036/31212. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236738. S2CID 143956681.
• Mazzotti, Massimo (2023). Reactionary Mathematics: A Genealogy of Purity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-82674-0.

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Nicola Fergola", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
• Nastasi, Pietro (1996). "FERGOLA, Nicola". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 46: Feducci–Ferrerio (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6. Retrieved 8 August 2015.