Study software

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Studying in an educational context refers to the process of gaining mastery of a certain area of information. Study software then is any program which allows students to improve the time they spend thinking about, learning and studying that information.

More specifically study software's objective is to increase the effective application of efficacious study skills to that information, such that thinking and learning about that information is more productive per unit time.

Different subjects being studied may benefit from a different spread of study skills being applied. Mathematics requires a somewhat different set of study skills to the skill required to learn a language.

Some types of study software are subject specific teachers of material and may or may not contain the information/content that requires mastery.

Study software therefore is a blanket for a variety of overlapping software types.

There is hard evidence for some methods for study/learning being superior to others, and that there is benefit in teaching 'study skills' themselves. Study software to a degree, seeks to circumvent this problem, by causing the student to follow good practices, through the use of the software, without necessarily having to know about the background science of memory and learning.

Historically the most successful types of study software include mindmapping and flashcard software programs. Both independently have been proven to improve learning. Mapping software's claimed strengths are more at the thinking end of the spectrum of study and are criticized for their lack of efficacy once the benefits of organizing information are finished. Flashcard software's strengths are more at the learning end of the spectrum of study and are criticized as being for rote learning only.

There are also hybrids of the above broad types available, including ones that can actually test students on their notes.

Benefits that the various types of study software might confer include various mixtures of:

1. Offers variety of different information together (picture, sound, music, diagram, ...)
2. Improved access to variety of information - see databases
3. Makes making notes efficient (tablet friendly 'Microsoft ink functionality', speech recognition)
4. Notes are (made to be) easy to remember - colors, pictures, diagrams or mindmapping
5. Use of hypertext to connect related information
6. Testing, reviews and tracking of knowledge - 'spacing effect'

Barriers to the use of study software include:

1. Requires hardware, and in some cases electronic access to the content, and neither might be available.
2. Some level of skill may be needed to use the hardware required by the software. Learning may be delayed by the need of skills such as typing, using a mouse, pointing on a touch-sensitive screen, or other skills required to handle the hardware.
3. Costs of hardware, software, and salaries, combined with low budgets in some schools, may limit the availability and usefulness for the study resources.
4. Programs don't communicate together as they could (see Unix philosophy). Self-contained programs either don't offer enough features (e.g. calculation of the spacing effect to learn faster) or offer more than they should (Software bloat).
5. Content might differ significantly in different countries.

• Computer-assisted language learning
• Flashcard
• Forgetting curve
• Free recall
• List of concept- and mind-mapping software
• List of flashcard software
• Memory
• Mind map
• Notetaking
• Spaced repetition
• Spacing effect

• Burdess, N. (1998). Handbook of student skills. (2nd ed.). Sydney: Prentice Hall
• Farrand, P, Hussain, F, Hennessy, E (2002) "The efficacy of the 'mind map' study technique". Medical Education. 36 (issue5) p426-
• Glenberg A.M. (1977) "Influences or the retrieval processes on the spacing effect in free recall". Journal of Experimental Psychology 3: 282-294
• Hilliary F.G et al. (2003) "Spacing of Repetitions Improves Learning and Memory After Moderate and Severe TBI". Journal of Clinical and Experimental NeuroPsychology 25(1): 49-58 (as above internet link)
• Hintzman D.L. (1974) "Theoretical implications of the spacing effect". In Theories in cognitive psychology: The Loyola Symposium (Ed.R.L. Solso), p. 77-99
• Toppino T.C, Kasserman J.E., Mracek W.A (1991) "The effect of Spacing Repetitions on the Recognition Memory of Young Children and Adults". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 51: 123-138
• Withers, G. (1991). Tackling that test: Everything you wanted to know about taking tests and exams. Hawthorn, Vic.: Australian Council for Educational Research.
• Mawonedzo, TK "make sure u mind is not somewhere else before you start studying"