Third Council of Lima
The Third Council of Lima was a council of the Roman Catholic Church in 1582–83 in Lima, at the time the capital of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. It was the most important of the three councils celebrated in Lima during the 16th century, since it definitively organized the Church in the Americas. It was summoned by Archbishop Toribio de Mogrovejo in 1581, and met from 15 August 1582 to 18 October 1583.
Results
The Council dictated many regulations and principles, centered on the evangelization of the aboriginals and their fair treatment "not like slaves but as free men", as well as their education and instruction in European customs. It decreed that the indigenous languages must be used, and forbade the use of Latin and the exclusive use of Spanish. It produced a trilingual catechism (then known as "Catechism of St. Toribius"), in Spanish, Quechua and Aymara. This catechism was later translated into the Guaraní language by Luis de Bolaños, and adopted by the First Synod of Asunción (1603) for use in the area of the Upper Paraná River basin (eastern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina).
The Council also encouraged the establishment of seminaries. It set standards for the ordination of priests, requiring that they visit their congregations regularly, and for the appropriate use of liturgy to attract the natives to the celebrations.
The Council adopted a strongly anti-idolatrous tone,[1] targeting obscene books in bishops' possessions for destruction.[2][a] The Council also ordered the complete destruction of quipu concerning non-Christian customs,[b][4][5] while encouraging their manufacture for confessions[6][c] and doctrinal memorization among the indigenous.[1]
Notes
- ^ "Ban all the books that narrate or intentionally teach lecherous and obscene matters, for not only faith should be considered but also those customs that become easily corrupted.... Punish all the bishops who are in possession of these books...."[3]
- ^ "And, as among the Indians, ignorant of letters, there are certain signs with different strings instead of books, that they call quipos, which contain a considerable number of testimonies of ancient superstition in which they keep the secrets of their rites, ceremonies and laws, the bishops must be sure to destroy them completely, for they are pernicious instruments" [3]
- ^ "For your confession to be good, and please God, the first thing you have to do, my son, is to make a quipo, just like you make them when you are a tambo camayo, of what you give and what people owe you. So you make a quipo of what you have done against God and against others, and how many times, if many or a few."[7]
References
- ^ a b Hosne, Ana Caroline (2012). "The "Art of Memory" in the Jesuit Missions in Peru and China in the Late 16th Century". Material Culture Review.
- ^ Lisi, Francesco (1990). El Tercer Concilio Limense y la aculturación de los indígenas sudamericanos (in Spanish). Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
- ^ a b Lisi 1990, p. 191.
- ^ Salomon, Frank L. (2004). The Cord Keepers. Khipus and Cultural Life in a Peruvian Village. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822333902.
- ^ Urton, Gary (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu. Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78540-3.
- ^ Pereña, Luciano (1986). Doctrina Christiana y catecismo para instruccion de indios (in Spanish). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
- ^ Pereña 1986, p. 482.
External links
- (in Spanish and English) Third Catechism and Exposition of the Christian Doctrine for Sermons that the Curate and Other Priests Preach and Teach to the Indians and all the Other People Conforming to the Decisions Established at the Holy Provincial Council of Lima.
- (in Spanish) Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, patrono del episcopado iberoamericano.
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- History of South America
- Colonial Peru
- Catholic Church councils held in the Spanish Empire
- 16th-century Catholic Church councils
- 1582 establishments in South America
- 1583 disestablishments
- Spanish colonization of the Americas
- 16th century in South America
- 1582 in South America
- 1583 in South America
- 16th century in Peru
- Catholic Church stubs
- Peruvian history stubs
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