Jump to content

Asistencias

(Redirected from Visita)
San Antonio de Pala Asistencia, an asistencia of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, is located in Pala, California

Asistencias or visitas were smaller sub-missions of Catholic missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. They allowed the Catholic church and the Spanish crown to extend their reach into native populations at a modest cost.

Description

Asistencias served missions and were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church. They were typically staffed with a small group of clergymen and a relatively small group of indigenous neophytes in order to maintain the complex.

Particularly strategic asistencias were later elevated to the status of a full mission. This typically included an expansion of existing facilities to support a larger clergy and indigenous neophyte population, improvement of basic infrastructure such as roads, and rechristening under a new Catholic saint.[1][2]

In Spanish Florida, visitas were mission stations without a resident missionary. Church buildings at visitas were simple, or sometimes absent.[3] Visitas were often in satellite villages associated with a town with a doctrina (a mission with one or more resident missionaries). .

History

The Spanish mission system in America first started in what they called La Florida (Spanish Florida), which included Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina.

The first visita that was founded and documented seems to be a visita established in the village of Soloy (in modern day Florida). Pedro Menéndez de Avilés designated it to become a blockhouse in 1567, but it became a visita to Mission Nombre de Dios in the beginning of the 1600s.[4]

More visitas were established in Spanish Florida during the early 1600s, but the only ones that seem to have been documented were four visitas to Mission San Pedro de Mocama and nine visitas to Mission San Juan del Puerto.[4]

Starting in 1684 with the founding of Mission San Bruno in Baja California Sur by Spanish admiral Isidro de Atondo y Antillón and Father Eusebio Kino,[5] missions started to be founded in Baja California and Baja California Sur, along with visitas.

The first visita founded there was San Juan Bautista Londó in 1699, which served Mission Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó.[6] The final visita in Baja California and Baja California Sur was established in 1798 as San Telmo, which served Mission Santo Domingo de la Frontera.[7]

In 1687, Father Eusebio Kino started to establish missions in Pimería Alta, as well as visitas. In what is modern day Arizona, he established visitas at Huachuca, Quiburi, and Santa Cruz, as well as one called San Ignacio de Sonoitac.[8][9]

Sonoitac was originally just a ranchería which was said to have a bigger population than the Guevavi, Tumacácori, and Calabazas settlements. A church was built, it became a visita, and it was named San Ignacio de Sonoitac after or around 1737.[10]

After the Pima revolt of 1751, a new church was built at Sonoitac, as well as at Tumacácori, and Toacuquita (Toaqui, which became the Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas). Sonoitac apparently turned into a formal mission and was abandoned sometime in the 1780's.[10]

In 1692, San Agustín del Tucson was established by Kino as a visita to Mission San Xavier del Bac, but became a mission in 1768 as Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón.[11]

The mission system in California started with the founding of Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769 by Father Junipero Serra.[12] The first asistencia in California, Santa Paula, was founded around 1782 to Mission San Buenaventura.[13] More asistencias were established to 6 out of the 21 missions in California.

America

The following are lists of asistencias in America, sorted by year of establishment.

California

Spanish asistencias in California
Name Image Location Established Notes References
Santa Paula 34.35584, -119.05086 1782 or after It served Mission San Buenaventura. [14]
Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles
34.05702, -118.2392 1784 It served Mission San Gabriel Arcángel.
San Pedro y San Pablo
37.58714, -122.49391 1786 It served Mission San Francisco de Asís. [2]
Santa Margarita de Cortona
35.40197, -120.6122 1787 It served Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. [15]
Santa Gertrudis 34.34752, -119.29704 Between 1792 and 1809 The second asistencia to serve Mission San Buenaventura. [16]
San Antonio de Pala
33.36591, -117.07419 June 13, 1816 It served Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
San Rafael Arcángel
37.97427, -122.52798 1817 It was originally a medical asistencia to Mission San Francisco de Asís, but it became a mission in 1822.
Santa Ysabel
33.13057, -116.67786 1818 It served Mission San Diego de Alcalá.
Las Flores
33.299722, -117.460833 1823 The second asistencia to Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. [3][17]

Arizona

Spanish visitas in Arizona
Name Image Location Established Notes References
Santa Cruz Along the San Pedro River 1680s or after Santa Cruz is the name of the pueblo. The source says the visita Santa Cruz (along with Quiburi) were founded along the San Pedro River. The name might have been Santa Cruz de Pitaitutgam or Santa Cruz de Gaybanipite. [18][19]
San Agustín
32.21346, -110.98703 1692 It served Mission San Xavier del Bac. In 1768, it was elevated to the status of mission and became the Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón. [9]
San Martín de Aribac Arivaca 1695 It served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. Described as being 10 leagues (26 miles) away from Guevavi, which is only a couple miles off from the current measurement of 27.8 miles. [18][19][20]
San Pablo de Quiburi Along the San Pedro River 1690s or after Quiburi (San Pablo de Quiburi is possibly the name of it rather than the visita) was a Sobaipuri ranchería. [8][21]
San Ignacio de Sonoitac
Near Patagonia Around or after 1737 It became a visita around or after 1737 (but before 1751). It served Mission San Cayetano de Tumacácori.and Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. [22]
Huachuca Babacomari Ranch[21] Likely late 17th or early 18th century Huachuca may be the name of the pueblo it was made in rather than the name of the visita itself. [18]

Spanish Florida

Known Spanish visitas in Spanish Florida
Name Location Established Notes References
Soloy Florida 1567 Originally a blockhouse, but by the beginning of the 1600s, became a visita of Mission Nombre de Dios. [23]
Santa María de la Sena 30.57008, -81.45583[24][25][26][27] (Florida) 1602 It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [28]
San Antonio Possibly Georgia 1602 It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [29]
Chica Faya la Madalena Possibly Georgia By 1602 It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [29]
Veracruz Florida 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one-half league away from the mission. [29]
Molo/Moloa Florida By 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was five leagues from the mission. [29]
Potayo Florida By 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was four leagues from the mission. [30]
San Mateo Florida By 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was two leagues from the mission. [30]
San Pablo Florida By 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league and a half away from the mission. [30]
Hicachirico Florida 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league from the mission. [31]
Chinisca Florida By 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league and a half from the mission. [31]
Carabay/Sarabay Florida By 1602 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was a fourth of a league from the mission. [31]
Olatayco Possibly Georgia By 1604 It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [32]
Yoa Georgia By 1609 It served Mission Santa Catalina de Guale. Identified by John Tate Lanning as "two leagues up a mainland river back of the bars of Zapala [Sapelo Sound] and Cofonufo [St. Catherines Sound]". [33]
Piritiriba Florida 1701 It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was three leagues away from the mission. [34]

Mexico

The following are lists of asistencias in Mexico, sorted by year of establishment.

Baja California

Spanish visitas in Baja California
Name Image Location Established Notes Reference
Calamajué 29°25′16″N 114°11′42″W / 29.42111°N 114.19500°W / 29.42111; -114.19500 (Visita de Calamajué) 1766 It served Misión San Francisco Borja. [35]
San Juan de Dios
30°10′58″N 115°10′05″W / 30.18278°N 115.16806°W / 30.18278; -115.16806 (Visita San Juan de Dios) 1769 It served Misión San Fernando Rey de España de Velicatá. [36]
San Telmo
30°58′05″N 116°05′31″W / 30.96806°N 116.09194°W / 30.96806; -116.09194 (Visita de San Telmo) 1798 It served Misión Santo Domingo de la Frontera. [7]
San Isidoro
30°45′55″N 115°32′50″W / 30.76528°N 115.54722°W / 30.76528; -115.54722 (Visita de San Isidoro) It served Misión San Pedro Mártir de Verona. [37]
Santa Ana
28°41′25″N 113°49′14″W / 28.69028°N 113.82056°W / 28.69028; -113.82056 (Visita de Santa Ana) It served Misión San Francisco Borja de Adac. [38]

Baja California Sur

Spanish visitas in Baja California Sur
Name Image Location Established Notes Reference
San Juan Bautista Londó
26°13′31″N 111°28′25″W / 26.22528°N 111.47361°W / 26.22528; -111.47361 (Visita de San Juan Bautista Londó) 1699 It served Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó. [39]
Angel de la Guarda
23°53′28″N 110°10′15″W / 23.89111°N 110.17083°W / 23.89111; -110.17083 (Visita de Angel de la Guarda (El Zalato)) 1721 It served Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí. [40]
La Pasión
24°53′14″N 111°01′50″W / 24.88722°N 111.03056°W / 24.88722; -111.03056 (Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá (La Pasión)) 1721 Established as the Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá, it was downgraded to a visita of Mission San Luis Gonzaga in 1741. [41][42]
Todos Santos
The current church.
 23°27′37″N 110°13′08″W / 23.46028°N 110.21889°W / 23.46028; -110.21889 (Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas (Todos Santos)) 1724 Established as the Visita de Todos Santos to Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí. It became a mission in 1733 as the Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas. [43][16]
La Presentación
25°43′45″N 111°32′37″W / 25.72917°N 111.54361°W / 25.72917; -111.54361 (Visita de la Presentación) 1769 It served Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó [44]
San José de Magdalena
27°03′30″N 112°10′07″W / 27.05833°N 112.16861°W / 27.05833; -112.16861 (Visita de San José de Magdalena) 1774 It served Misión Santa Rosalía de Mulegé. [45]
San Pablo (y/o Los Dolores de Arriba)
27°42′08″N 113°08′42″W / 27.70222°N 113.14500°W / 27.70222; -113.14500 (Visita de San Pablo) It served Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá. [46]
San Jacinto
23°14′34″N 110°04′38″W / 23.24278°N 110.07722°W / 23.24278; -110.07722 (Visita de San Jacinto) It served Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas (which used to be visita Todos Santos). [47]

Sonora

Spanish visitas in Sonora
Name Image Location Established Notes Reference
San Francisco Buenavista 1619 It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Cumuripa. In 1765, a presidio was built here, as well as a new church whose construction started in 1772. The visita is now underwater. [48]
San Ignacio Bacanora 1627 It originally served Mission San Xavier de Arivechi, but by 1793, it served Mission Nuestra Señora de los Angeles de Sahuaripa. [49]
Nuestra Senora Asuncion Alamos 1629 It served Mission San José de Mátape. [49]
Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Baviácora 1638 It was originally founded as a head mission, with a visita at San Pedro Aconchi. Later it became a visita of Aconchi. [48]
San Pedro Aconchi 1639 It was initially founded as a visita of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Baviácora. Over time, that mission became its visita. [50]
Nuestra Señora de los Remedios de Beramitzi
30.00765, -110.21768 1639 It originally served Mission San Lorenzo de Güepaca.

It eventually became a head mission, with the mission it used to serve (Guepaca) as its visita.

[50]
San Luis Gonzága de Bacadéhuachi 1645 It served Mission Nuestra Señora de Nácori Chico. Eventually, it became a mission with two visitas. [49]
San Miguel de Bavispe 1645 It served Mission Santa María Asunción Baserac. [48]
San Miguel Bacoachi 1648 It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe. Apparently either became a mission or was a mission at one point. [49]
San José de Chinapa 1648 It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe. Briefly an independent mission. [51]
San José de Ímuris 1687 It served Misión San Ignacio de Caborica.
San Diego de Pitiquito
30.67504, -112.05761 1689 It served Misión San Ignacio de Caborica. It became a mission in 1695.
San Juan de Bisani(n)g
Likely 1690's It served Mission La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca. On Valentine's Day, 1694, it became a mission, and was named San Valentin del Bizani. However, it stayed as a visita for most of its life after. [52][53]
Santa Teresa de Atil 1692 It served Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama.
San Luis Baconacos 1697 At various times, it served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi.

Originally, Father Eusebio Kino founded a ranch here, and by 1706 its church was built.

[48]
Santa María de Bugota/Santa María de Suamca 1698 It served Mission Nuestra Señora del Pilar y Santiago de Cocóspera. Founded by Father Eusebio Kino. He said the first mass there in 1698, but the actual church was built in 1706. [54]
San Ambrosio del Busanic y Tucubavia 1698 It served Mission Santa Gertrudis del Sáric. [54]
San Bernardo de Aquimuri Between 1700-1701 Founded by Father Eusebio Kino. It served Mission Santa Gertrudis del Sáric. By 1706, a church was built here, and stood till at least 1772. [49]

See also

References

  1. ^ "California Mission Life". Factcards.califa.org. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
  2. ^ a b "Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias". U.S. Mission Trail. Retrieved 2015-06-17.
  3. ^ a b Worth, John E. (1998). Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 1: Assimilation. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 35. ISBN 0-8130-1575-8.
  4. ^ a b Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 453–456. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615 – via JSTOR.
  5. ^ Burckhalter, David, Sedgwick, Mina, and Fontana, Bernard L. (2013), Baja California Missions, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 17; Bolton, 1936
  6. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  7. ^ a b "Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja". Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  8. ^ a b Mattison, Ray (1946). "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona" (PDF). New Mexico Historical Review. 21 (4): 275.
  9. ^ a b Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ a b Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Parks, California State. "California State Parks". CA State Parks. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  13. ^ "Portolá Expedition Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  14. ^ "Portolá Expedition Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  15. ^ Parks, California State. "California State Parks". CA State Parks. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  16. ^ a b "Santa Gertrudis Asistencia Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  17. ^ "Las Flores Asistencia Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  18. ^ a b c Mattison, Ray (1946). "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona" (PDF). New Mexico Historical Review. 21 (4): 275 – via NPS History.
  19. ^ a b Seymour, Deni J. (2012). "SANTA CRUZ RIVER: The Origin of a Place Name". The Journal of Arizona History. 53 (1): 81–88. ISSN 0021-9053. JSTOR 41697406.
  20. ^ "History". Visit Arivaca. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  21. ^ a b Seymour, Deni (2003). "Sobaipuri-Pima Occupation in the Upper San Pedro Valley: San Pablo de Quiburi". New Mexico Historical Review. 78 (2).
  22. ^ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 432. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  24. ^ "Florida Sites". Historical Archaeology. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  25. ^ "The Doctrina of Santa Catalina de Guale at Santa Maria on Amelia Island (1686-1702) Historical Background and Mortuary Analysis - Publication | Amelia Island Museum of History". ameliaisland.pastperfectonline.com. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  26. ^ Partridge, Dennis (2021-06-29). "Harrison Cemetery — Amelia Island Genealogical Society". Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  27. ^ "Harrison Family Cemetery Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  28. ^ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 453. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  29. ^ a b c d Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 454. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  30. ^ a b c Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 455. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  31. ^ a b c Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 456. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  32. ^ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 451. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  33. ^ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 458. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  34. ^ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 436. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN 0003-1615.
  35. ^ "Sitio Visita de Calamajue · 21856 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico". Sitio Visita de Calamajue · 21856 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  36. ^ "San Juan de Dios". www.elvigia.net (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  37. ^ "Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja". Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  38. ^ "Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja". Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  39. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  40. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  41. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 1: The Jesuit Missions 1697-1767 – Viva Baja". vivabaja.com. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  42. ^ "The Spanish Missions on the California Peninsula: #9, Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (1721-1741 at Apaté, 1741-1768 at La Pasión de Chillá)". Discover Baja Travel Club. 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  43. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 1: The Jesuit Missions 1697-1767 – Viva Baja". vivabaja.com. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  44. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  45. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  46. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  47. ^ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  48. ^ a b c d Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 171. ISSN 0004-1408.
  49. ^ a b c d e Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 170. ISSN 0004-1408.
  50. ^ a b Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 169. ISSN 0004-1408.
  51. ^ Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 173. ISSN 0004-1408.
  52. ^ "Ruins of the San Valentin del Bizani Kino Mission". Explore Sonora. 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  53. ^ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "Nuestra Señora del Pópulo del Bisanig - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  54. ^ a b Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 172. ISSN 0004-1408.
Retrieved from "https://en.Wik.ipedia.Pro.org/w/index.php?title=Asistencias&oldid=1247893119"

See what we do next...

OR

By submitting your email or phone number, you're giving mschf permission to send you email and/or recurring marketing texts. Data rates may apply. Text stop to cancel, help for help.

Success: You're subscribed now !