Yu Huan

Yu Huan (fl. third century) was a Chinese historian and travel writer of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

Yu Huan was from Jingzhao Commandery, which is around present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi.^[1] He is best known for writing the Weilüe and Dianlüe, privately composed histories which according to the Book of Sui, comprise 33 and 89 fascicles respectively. The Old Book of Tang listed 38 volumes of the Weilüe and 50 volumes of the Dianlüe, while the New Book of Tang 58 listed the Weilüe as containing 50 volumes.^[1]

Neither of these works are extant, however a volume of the Weilüe was quoted as an extensive footnote to the Records of the Three Kingdoms in the (30th) section on the Wuhuan, Xianbei and Dongyi by Pei Songzhi in 429 CE.^[2] It served as an additional guide to the Western Regions on the book. The volume has only survived because it was included as a note to Records of the Three Kingdoms.^[3][4]

Although it seems Yu Huan never left China, he collected a large amount of information on the countries to the west of China including Parthia, India, the Roman Empire and the various routes to them. Some of this information had reached China well before Yu Huan's time, and can also be found in the sections dealing with the Western Regions of the Records of the Grand Historian, the Book of Han, and the Book of the Later Han.^[3]

In spite of the inclusion of earlier (and sometimes fanciful) information, the Weilüe contains much new, unique and generally trustworthy material. Most of it dates from the late second and early third centuries. It is this new information that makes the Weilüe such a valuable source. While Yu Huan's own sources are difficult to assess,^[5]: 328 much of his information appears to date from the Eastern Han dynasty, before China was largely cut off from the West by civil wars and unrest along its borders during the late 2nd century CE.^[3]

• Chavannes, Édouard (1905). "Les pays d'occident d'après le Wei lio". T'oung Pao. 6 (5). Brill: 519–571. doi:10.1163/156853205X00348. JSTOR 4525833.
• Hill, John E. (2004). The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE (Draft annotated English translation). University of Washington.
• Liu Zhiji (1961). "12: 古今正史第二". In Zhang Zhixiang (ed.). Shitong 史通 (1577 ed.). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
• Ma Zhijie (马植杰) (1993). History of the Three Kingdoms: Yu Huan's Weilüe 三國史. Beijing: People's Publishing House. pp. 406–410. ISBN 7-01-001271-7.
• Chen Shou (1977) [429]. "30: 烏丸鮮卑東夷傳". In Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing.
• Zhang Xinglang (张星烺) (1977). Collected Historical Sources of the History of Contacts Between China and the West Vol. 1: Weilüe's Xirong on Daqin 中西交通史料汇编. Vol. 1. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 38–43. ISBN 7-101-03030-0.