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1,1-Difluoroethylene

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1,1-Difluoroethylene
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,1-Difluoroethene
Other names
Difluoro-1,1-ethylene; R-1132a; Halocarbon 1132 A; Freon 1132A; Vinylidene difluoride; Vinylidene fluoride[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations VDF
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.789
EC Number
  • 200-867-7
KEGG
RTECS number
  • KW0560000
UNII
UN number 1959
  • InChI=1S/C2H2F2/c1-2(3)4/h1H2
    Key: BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C2H2F2/c1-2(3)4/h1H2
    Key: BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYAV
  • C=C(F)F
Properties
C2H2F2
Molar mass 64.035 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas[2]
Odor Slightly ethereal[1]
Density 2.89 kg/m3 (vapor, 0 °C)[2]
1.122 g/mL (liquid, -84 °C)[2]
Melting point −144 °C (−227 °F; 129 K)[2]
Boiling point −84 °C (−119 °F; 189 K)[2]
0.254 g/L[3]
Vapor pressure 35.2 atm (20°C)[4]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable[4]
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
380 °C (716 °F; 653 K)[1]
Explosive limits 5.5%-21.3%[4]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[4]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 ppm C 5 ppm[4]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[4]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 1,2-Difluoroethylene; Fluoroethylene; Trifluoroethylene; 2-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene;
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

1,1-Difluoroethylene, also known as vinylidene fluoride, is a hydrofluoroolefin. This colorless, flammable gas is a difluorinated derivative of ethylene. Global production in 1999 was approximately 33,000 metric tons.[3] It is primarily used in the production of fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and FKM.

Preparation

1,1-Difluoroethylene can be prepared by elimination reaction from a 1,1,1-trihaloethane compound, for example, loss of hydrogen chloride from 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane:[5]

Preparation of 1,1-difluoroethylene from 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane

or loss of hydrogen fluoride from 1,1,1-trifluoroethane:[6]

Preparation of 1,1-difluoroethylene from 1,1,1-trifluoroethane

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Difluoro-1,1-ethylene". Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-04-23.
  2. ^ a b c d e Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  3. ^ a b "1,1'-Difluoroethylene (VDF,VF2)" (PDF). International Programme on Chemical Safety. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2012-04-23.
  4. ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0662". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  5. ^ Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. 1994. pp. V11. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  6. ^ Siegemund, Günter; Schwertfeger, Werner; Feiring, Andrew; Smart, Bruce; Behr, Fred; Vogel, Herward; McKusick, Blaine (2000). "Fluorine Compounds, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
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