1910–11 United States Senate elections

1910–11 United States Senate elections

← 1908 & 1909 January 18, 1910 – July 12, 1911 1912 & 1913 →
36 of the 92 seats in the United States Senate 47 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Shelby Moore Cullom[a] (retired) Thomas S. Martin[b] Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4, 1909 March 4, 1909 Leader's seat Illinois Virginia Seats before 59 33 Seats won 15 13 Seats after 50 42 Seat change 9 9 Seats up 25 11
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold
Majority conference chairman before election Eugene Hale Republican Elected Majority conference chairman Shelby Moore Cullom Republican

The 1910–11 United States Senate election were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1910 and 1911, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. In conjunction with winning control of the House of Representatives for the first time since the 1892 elections, Democrats flipped 9 Senate seats. This was not enough to flip the Senate, but significantly narrowed the margin of Republican control.

In New York and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the 62nd Congress on March 4. Special elections were held in six states: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, and West Virginia.

Senate party division, 62nd Congress (1911–1913):

• Majority party: Republican (50 seats)
• Minority party: Democratic (40 seats)
• Other parties: 0
• Vacant: 2
• Total seats: 92

Four seats were added in early 1912 for new states: Arizona (which elected 2 Democrats) and New Mexico (which elected 2 Republicans).

At the beginning of 1910.

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24 Ala. Ran	D25 Fla. Ran	D26 La. (sp) Ran
R57 W.Va. (reg) Ran	R58 Wis. Ran	R59 Wyo. Ran	D33 Va. Ran	D32 Texas Ran	D31 Tenn. Ran	D30 N.D. (sp) Ran	D29 Miss. (sp) Retired	D28 Miss. (reg) Ran	D27 Md. Ran
R56 W.Va. (sp) Retired	R55 Wash. Retired	R54 Vt. Ran	R53 Utah Ran	R52 R.I. Retired	R51 Pa. Ran	R50 Ohio Ran	R49 N.D. (reg) Ran	R48 N.Y. Ran	R47 N.J. Ran
Majority →
R37 Del. Ran	R38 Ind. Ran	R39 Maine Ran	R40 Mass. Ran	R41 Mich. Ran	R42 Minn. Ran	R43 Mo. Retired	R44 Mont. Retired	R45 Neb. Ran	R46 Nev. Ran
R36 Conn. Ran	R35 Calif. Retired	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27
R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26
R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7
				R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24 Ala. Re-elected	D25 Ind. Gain	D26 La. (sp) Elected[c]
D36 Tenn. Hold	D35 Ohio Gain	D34 N.J. Gain	D33 Neb. Gain	D32 Mont. Gain	D31 Mo. Gain	D30 Miss. (sp) Hold	D29 Miss. (reg) Hold	D28 Md. Re-elected	D27 Maine Gain
D37 Texas Re-elected	D38 Va. Re-elected	D39 W.Va. (reg) Gain	D40 W.Va. (sp) Gain	V1 Fla. D Loss	V2 N.Y. R Loss	R51 Wyo. Re-elected	R50 Wis. Re-elected	R49 Wash. Hold	R48 Vt. Re-elected
Majority →
R37 Del. Re-elected	R38 Mass. Re-elected	R39 Mich. Hold	R40 Minn. Re-elected	R41 Nev. Re-elected	R42 N.D. (reg) Re-elected	R43 N.D. (sp) Gain	R44 Pa. Re-elected	R45 R.I. Hold	R46 Utah Re-elected
R36 Conn. Hold	R35 Calif. Hold	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27
R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26
R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7
				R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26
D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29	D28	D27
D37	D38	D39	D40 Fla. Appointed	V1 Colo. D Loss[d]	V2	R50	R49	R48	R47
Majority →									R46
R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43	R44	R45
R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27
R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26
R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7
				R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6

Key	D# Democratic R# Republican V# Vacant

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1910 or in 1911 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Mississippi (Class 2)	James Gordon	Democratic	1909 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected February 23, 1910.[2] Democratic hold.	▌Y LeRoy Percy (Democratic) Unopposed[2]
Louisiana (Class 3)	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected December 6, 1910.[3]	▌Y John Thornton (Democratic) 106 ▌Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) 28 ▌Lee E. Thomas (Democratic) 11 ▌John D. Wilkinson (Democratic) 6 ▌Jared Sanders (Democratic) 1[4]
North Dakota (Class 3)	William E. Purcell	Democratic	1910 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican gain. Winner took office February 11, 1911, upon resigning from the U.S. House.	▌Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 130 ▌William E. Purcell (Democratic) 19[5]
West Virginia (Class 2)	Davis Elkins	Republican	1910 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 1, 1911. Democratic gain.	▌Y Clarence W. Watson (Democratic) 70 ▌W. P. Hubbard (Republican) 11 ▌John W. Davis (Democratic) 7 ▌Isaac T. Mann (Republican) 9 ▌Davis Elkins (Republican) 8 ▌W. M. O. Dawson (Republican) 2 ▌Howard Sutherland (Republican) 2 ▌Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 1 ▌A. B. White (Republican) 1[6]

In this election, the winner were seated in the 63rd Congress, starting March 4, 1913.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (appointed) 1907 (special)	Incumbent re-elected early January 17, 1911, for the term beginning March 4, 1913.	▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[7]

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1911; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
California	Frank Flint	Republican	1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 10, 1911.[8] Republican hold.	▌Y John D. Works (Republican) 92 ▌Albert Spalding (Republican) 21[8] ▌John E. Raker (Democratic) 3 ▌William Kent (Democratic) 1 ▌Edwin A. Meserve (Republican) 1[7]
Connecticut	Morgan Bulkeley	Republican	1905	Incumbent lost renomination and re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911.[8] Republican hold.	▌Y George P. McLean (Republican) 177 ▌Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 110 ▌Morgan Bulkeley (Republican) 1[8][7]
Delaware	Henry A. du Pont	Republican	1906	Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1911.[9]	▌Y Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 31 ▌Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 21[7]
Florida	James Taliaferro	Democratic	1899 (special) 1905 (appointed) 1905 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. New senator was appointed to begin the term.	▌Nathan P. Bryan (Democratic)[10]
Indiana	Albert J. Beveridge	Republican	1899 1905	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911.[8] Democratic gain.	▌Y John W. Kern (Democratic) 90 ▌Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) 60[11]
Maine	Eugene Hale	Republican	1881 1887 1893 1899 1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911.[8] Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles F. Johnson (Democratic) 107 ▌Frederick A. Powers (Republican) 67[11]
Maryland	Isidor Rayner	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1910.[8]	▌Y Isidor Rayner (Democratic) 19 ▌William P. Jackson (Republican)[4][12]
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893 1899 1905	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1911.[8][13]	▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 146 ▌Sherman L. Whipple (Democratic) 121 ▌Butler Ames (Republican) 7 ▌A. Lawrence Lowell (Republican) 2 Scattering 3[8]
Michigan	Julius C. Burrows	Republican	1895 (special) 1899 1905	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 17, 1911.[8] Republican hold.	▌Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 112 ▌John Winship (Democratic) 14[11]
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Republican	1901 (special) 1905	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911.[8]	▌Y Moses E. Clapp (Republican) 161 ▌R. T. O'Connor (Democratic) 13 ▌W. S. Hammond (Democratic) 3 ▌Thomas Van Lear (Socialist) 1[14]
Mississippi	Hernando Money	Democratic	1897 (appointed) 1899 1904	Incumbent retired. New senator elected early January 21, 1908.[15] Democratic hold.	▌Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic) Unopposed[15]
Missouri	William Warner	Republican	1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911.[8] Democratic gain.	▌Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 104 ▌John C. McKinley (Republican) 70[5]
Montana	Thomas H. Carter	Republican	1895 1901 (lost) 1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected March 2, 1911. Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 53 ▌Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 45 Other 3[5]
Nebraska	Elmer Burkett	Republican	1905	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911, ratifying the popular selection made in 1910 state elections.[8][5] Democratic gain.	▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 117 ▌Elmer Burkett (Republican) 10 ▌Daniel W. Cook (Republican) 1[5] Absent and not voting 5[16] In state election: ▌Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 54.58% ▌Elmer Burkett (Republican) 45.42%[17]
Nevada	George S. Nixon	Republican	1905	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911, ratifying the popular selection made in 1910 state elections.[8]	▌Y George S. Nixon (Republican) Unopposed[5] In state election: ▌George S. Nixon (Republican) 48.03% ▌Key Pittman (Democratic) 42.35% ▌Jud Harris (Socialist) 9.62%[18]
New Jersey	John Kean	Republican	1899 1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1911.[8] Democratic gain.	▌Y James E. Martine (Democratic) 47 ▌Edward C. Stokes (Republican) 21 ▌John W. Griggs (Republican) 5 ▌James Smith Jr. (Democratic) 3 Others ▌John Kean (Republican) 1 ▌J. Franklin Fort (Republican) 1 ▌Mahlon Pitney (Republican) 1[5]
New York	Chauncey Depew	Republican	1899 1905	Incumbent ran for re-election, but legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. A new senator was elected late; see below.	▌Chauncey Depew (Republican) ▌William F. Sheehan (Tammany Democrat) Others, see below
North Dakota	Porter J. McCumber	Republican	1899 1905	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911.[8]	▌Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 129 ▌John Bruegger (Democratic) 20[5]
Ohio	Charles W. F. Dick	Republican	1904 (special) 1904	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 10, 1911. Democratic gain.	▌Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 83 ▌Harry M. Daugherty (Republican) 17 ▌Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 9 ▌Charles P. Taft (Republican) 7 ▌Frank Zumstein (Republican) 3 ▌Joseph G. Butler Jr. (Republican) 2 ▌Joseph B. Foraker (Republican) 2 ▌Warren G. Harding (Republican) 2 ▌James R. Garfield (Republican) 2 Others ▌Renick W. Dunlap (Republican) 1 ▌Charles H. Grosvenor (Republican) 1 ▌R. R. Kinkade (Republican) 1 ▌Charles W. Stewart (Republican) 1 ▌Brand Whitlock (Independent) 1[8][5]
Pennsylvania	George T. Oliver	Republican	1909 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1911.[8]	▌Y George T. Oliver (Republican) 181 ▌J. Henry Cochran (Democratic) 35 ▌Julian Kennedy (Democratic) 25 ▌James B. Riley (Democratic) 3 ▌William Flinn (Republican) 2 Three others, 1 vote each; see below[19]
Rhode Island	Nelson W. Aldrich	Republican	1881 (special) 1886 1892 1898 1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1911. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 72 ▌Arthur L. Brown (Democratic) 44 ▌LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) 23[6]
Tennessee	James B. Frazier	Democratic	1905 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 23, 1911. Democratic hold.	▌Y Luke Lea (Ind. Democratic) 68 ▌Benton McMillin (Democratic) 48 ▌L. D. Tyson (Democratic) 11 ▌Gilbert D. Raine (Democratic) 2 ▌J. R. Woolridge (Republican) 2[6]
Texas	Charles A. Culberson	Democratic	1899 1905	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911.	▌Y Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed[6]
Utah	George Sutherland	Republican	1905	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911.	▌Y George Sutherland (Republican) 54 ▌O. W. Powers (Democratic) 9[6]
Vermont	Carroll S. Page	Republican	1908 (special)	Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1910.	▌Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 221 ▌Charles A. Prouty (Republican) 1 ▌David J. Foster (Republican) 1[20]
Virginia	John W. Daniel	Democratic	1887 1893 1899 1904	Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1910, but died June 29, 1910. A new senator was appointed to finish the term, and reappointed to begin the new term. The new senator was subsequently elected to finish the new term.[21]	▌Y John W. Daniel (Democratic) 99 ▌C. Bascom Slemp (Republican) 16[20]
Washington	Samuel H. Piles	Republican	1905	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911.[8][6] Republican hold.	▌Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 166 ▌George F. Cotterill (Democratic) 12[6]
West Virginia	Nathan B. Scott	Republican	1899 1905	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1911.[8][6] Democratic gain.	▌Y William E. Chilton (Democratic) 72 ▌Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 28 ▌C. C. Beury (Republican) 5 ▌John W. Davis (Democratic) 3 ▌Lewis Bennett (Democratic) 3 ▌Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 1 ▌Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 1[6][22]
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette	Republican	1905	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911.[8][6]	▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 83 ▌Charles H. Weisse (Democratic) 31 ▌Henry Kleist (Social Democratic) 14 ▌Frederick C. Winkler (Republican) 1[6]
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1905	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911.[8][6]	▌Y Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 46 ▌John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 34[6]

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1911 after March 4; ordered by date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
New York (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late March 31, 1911 on the sixty-fourth ballot. Democratic gain.	▌Y James A. O'Gorman (Democratic) 112 ▌Chauncey Depew (Republican) 80[5]
Iowa (Class 2)	Lafayette Young	Republican	1911 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected April 12, 1911. Republican hold.	▌Y William S. Kenyon (Republican) 85 ▌Claude R. Porter (Democratic) 51 ▌Horace E. Deemer (Republican) 19
Florida (Class 1)	Nathan P. Bryan	Democratic	1911 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected late April 18, 1911.	▌Y Nathan P. Bryan (Democratic) Unopposed[11]
Georgia (Class 3)	Joseph M. Terrell	Democratic	1910 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected July 12, 1911. Democratic hold.	▌Y Hoke Smith (Democratic) 155 ▌Joseph M. Terrell (Democratic) 51 ▌W. A. Covington (Democratic) 6 ▌Thomas E. Watson (Populist) 7 ▌John M. Holder (Democratic) 1[11]

Democrat John H. Bankhead was re-elected early January 17, 1911^[7] for the 1913 term.

Incumbent Senator Frank P. Flint, who had been elected in 1905, retired. Republican John D. Works received a plurality of votes cast at a Republican state primary. Republican A. G. Spalding, however, carried a majority of the legislative districts represented by Republicans.^[7] In the legislature, Works was elected January 10, 1911, with 92 votes over Spalding's 21 votes, and a scattering of votes for various Democrats.^[8][7]

Republican incumbent Morgan Bulkeley, who had been elected in 1905, lost renomination in a Republican legislative caucus 113–64 to George P. McLean.

McLean was then elected January 17, 1911, with 177 votes to Democrat Homer Stille Cummings's 110 votes.^[8][7]

First-term Republican Henry A. du Pont was re-elected January 25, 1911.^[9] He beat Democrat Willard Saulsbury Jr..

Saulsbury would be elected in 1913 to the other Delaware senate seat. Du Pont would lose re-election in 1916, the first popular Senate election in Delaware.

In June 1910, incumbent Democrat James Taliaferro lost a non-binding primary to former Governor Napoleon B. Broward for the term which started on March 4, 1911.^[23] Broward died in October.^[24] In early February 1911, Nathan P. Bryan won a non-binding primary for the seat, defeating William A. Blount 19,991 to 19,381.^[25] The governor then appointed Bryan to fill the vacancy.^[26]

In April 1911, the Florida Legislature unanimously elected Bryan to the remainder of the term.^[27]

Three-term Democrat Alexander S. Clay died November 13, 1910, and Democratic former-Governor of Georgia Joseph M. Terrell was appointed November 17, 1910, to continue the term, pending a special election.

Democratic Governor of Georgia M. Hoke Smith won the July 12, 1911, special election to finish the term that would end in 1915.

Smith had just begun his gubernatorial term July 1, 1911, when he was elected to the Senate. Although formally elected and qualified, Smith chose not to take office until November 16, 1911, so he could continue being Governor of Georgia.^[28]

Smith would later be re-elected in 1914 and would serve through 1921.

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1910 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1904 February 1, 1910 1913 →
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
Candidate Isidor Rayner Party Democratic Legislative vote 80 Percentage 70.49%

Isidor Rayner won election by an unknown margin for the Class 1 seat.^[29]

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Three-term Democrat Hernando Money retired from the class 1 seat. In 1908 the Mississippi legislature had already unanimously elected Democratic congressman John Sharp Williams early for the next term.^[15]

Three-term Democrat Anselm J. McLaurin died December 22, 1909, and Democrat James Gordon was appointed December 27, 1909, to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate. The day after his appointment to the class 2 seat, he was identified as a former fugitive who had been sought as a suspect in the conspiracy to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. Gordon was listed in 1865 by the United States government as a fugitive, and a reward of $10,000 had been offered for his capture, dead or alive. Later that year, he was ruled out of the suspects.^[30] Gordon then admitted that he had met with John Wilkes Booth in Montreal in March 1865, and had discussed plans to kidnap Lincoln, but denied any discussion of murder.^[31]

A plurality of legislators backed the white supremacist James K. Vardaman, but the fractured remainder sought to thwart his extreme racial policies. A majority united behind Percy to block Vardaman, instead electing Democrat LeRoy Percy February 23, 1910, to finish the term that would end in 1913.^[2]

Percy would later lose renomination in 1912 to the next term.

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Democrat Henry L. Myers was elected on the 80th joint ballot by the Montana state legislature, winning 53 votes to incumbent Republican Thomas H. Carter's 45. Carter had led on the first ballot with 31 votes to Democrat Thomas J. Walsh's 28.

Democratic nominee Gilbert Hitchcock defeated Republican incumbent Senator Elmer Burkett by a very narrow margin of 9.16%. Gilbert Hitchcock was the first Democrat ever to have won a United States Senate seat from Nebraska and he was the first non-Republican to have won a United States Senate seat from Nebraska since William Vincent Allen in 1893.

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New York election

← 1905 January 17 – March 31, 1911 1916 →
201 members of the New York Assembly 101 votes needed to win
Nominee James A. O'Gorman Chauncey Depew Party Democratic Republican Electoral vote 112 80 Percentage 58.33% 41.67%
U.S. senator before election Chauncey Depew Republican Elected U.S. senator James A. O'Gorman Democratic

Republican incumbent Chauncey M. Depew had been re-elected to this seat in 1905, and his term would expire on March 3, 1911. At the State election in November 1910, John Alden Dix was elected Governor, the first Democrat to hold the position since 1894. Democrats also unexpectedly carried the state legislative elections, and controlled both the Senate and the Assembly. The 134th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to October 6, 1911, in Albany, New York. Democratic Ex-Lieutenant Governor William F. Sheehan announced his candidacy on December 30, 1910. Before the State election, when a Democratic victory seemed to be improbable, Sheehan had made an agreement with Tammany Hall leader Charles Francis Murphy that the Tammany men would support Sheehan for the U.S. Senate. The Democratic caucus met on January 16 and nominated Sheehan over Edward M. Shepard and D. Cady Herrick. The Republican caucus met on January 16 and re-nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.

From January 17 through March 3, the legislature was deadlocked through 39 ballots, with anti-Tammany Democrats led by newly elected State Senator Franklin Delano Roosevelt refusing to support Sheehan. On March 3, 1911, Depew's term ended.

The deadlock continued over another 19 ballots despite the vacant seat. Democrats then held a new caucus and nominated James A. O'Gorman, a justice of the New York Supreme Court. O'Gorman was elected over Depew on March 31, 1911.

Candidate	Party	64th joint ballot Mar 31
Chauncey M. Depew	Republican	80
Y James A. O'Gorman	Democratic	Y 112

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The Pennsylvania election was held January 17, 1911. Incumbent George T. Oliver was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.^[32]

Pennsylvania election, January 17, 1911

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George T. Oliver (Incumbent)	181	70.43%
	Democratic	J. Henry Cochran	35	13.62%
	Democratic	Julian Kennedy	25	9.73%
	Democratic	James B. Riley	3	1.17%
	Republican	William Flinn	2	0.78%
	Democratic	William H. Berry	1	0.39%
	Democratic	George W. Guthrie	1	0.39%
	Socialist	Joseph E. Cohen	1	0.39%
	N/A	Not voting	8	3.11%
Total votes			257	100%

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State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Wisconsin (Class 1)	Robert M. La Follette	Republican	1905	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911.[33]	▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 63.2% ▌ Charles H. Weisse (Democratic) 23.3% ▌ John C. Kleist (Social Dem.) 10.5% ▌ F. C. Winkler (Republican) 0.7% Absent 3%

• 1910 United States elections
  • 1910 United States House of Representatives elections
• 61st United States Congress
• 62nd United States Congress

• Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563 – via Google Books.
• Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
• "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate – via Senate.gov.
• Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1911). "United States Senators Chosen, 1910". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1911. New York: The Tribune Association. pp. 439–440 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
• Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1912). "United States Senators Chosen, 1911". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1912. New York: The Tribune Association. pp. 455–458. hdl:2027/hvd.32044015182322 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.