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Jayuya, Puerto Rico

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Jayuya
Municipio Autónomo de Jayuya
Town and Municipality
Lush vegetation and mountains in Jayuya
Lush vegetation and mountains in Jayuya
Flag of Jayuya
Flag
Coat of arms of Jayuya
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
La Capital Indigena
Anthem: "Ante nos se yergue"
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Jayuya Municipality
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Jayuya Municipality
Coordinates: 18°13′07″N 66°35′30″W / 18.21861°N 66.59167°W / 18.21861; -66.59167
Sovereign state United States
Commonwealth Puerto Rico
Settled1878
FoundedMarch 9, 1911
Founded byDiego Maldonado
Named forHayuya
Barrios
11 barrios
Government
 • MayorJorge "Georgie" González Otero (PPD)
 • Senatorial dist.5 – Ponce
Area
 • Total39.4 sq mi (102.1 km2)
Elevation
1,420 ft (430 m)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total14,779
 • Rank70th in Puerto Rico
 • Density370/sq mi (140/km2)
Racial groups
[2]
 • 2020 Census52.4% Multiracial
23.3% White
7.5% Black
0.5% American Ind/AN
21.3% Other
Time zoneUTC−4 (AST)
ZIP Code
00664
Area code787/939
Major routes

Jayuya (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈʝuʝa]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the mountainous center region of the island, north of Ponce; east of Utuado; and west of Ciales. Jayuya is spread over 10 barrios and Jayuya Pueblo[3][4] (the downtown and administrative center of the city). It is the principal city of the Jayuya Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Named after the Taíno tribal leader, Hayuya, Jayuya is known for its skilled wood carvers. Among its monuments are the statue of Nemesio Canales and the bust of Hayuya, both by the Puerto Rican sculptor Tomás Batista.

History

The town of Jayuya was founded in 1911, but history traces non-indigenous settlers living in the region as far back as 1878. At that time, a small community was established there, separated from the larger cities of the coasts with little to no communication. Near the end of the 19th century, the town focused on the production of coffee, which greatly boosted the local economy.

In 1911, the town was officially declared a municipality with a population of more than 9,000.

In 1950, the town was the setting of the Jayuya Uprising, in which Nationalists started a revolt against the Government of the United States led by Blanca Canales, a social worker, and her cousins, Elio and Doris Torresola. Canales led the group into the main town square and gave a speech, declaring Puerto Rico an independent republic. The police station was later attacked, telephone lines cut, and the post office burned to the ground. One police officer was killed and three others wounded in these attacks. The group held the town for three days, until it was bombed by U.S. planes supporting a ground attack by the Puerto Rico National Guard. Even though an extensive part of the town was destroyed, the news of the American bombing was not reported outside of Puerto Rico. Instead, it was reported by the American media stateside as an incident between Puerto Ricans.

On April 21, 2018, the United States Army Corps of Engineers was working on electrical infrastructure in Jayuya.

When Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico in September 2017, the people of Jayuya had to resort to collecting spring water.[5] Immediately following the hurricane, rescue and restoration efforts began by community members who gathered at the local high school.[6] Most wooden structures were destroyed.[7]

Geography

Jayuya is located in the center of the island of Puerto Rico, in a valley in the middle of the Cordillera Central. Due to this location, its terrain is mostly rough and steep. Some of the highest mountains of the island are located in this region, including Monte Jayuya, Cerro Rosa, Tres Picachos and the highest mountain of the island, Cerro Punta, at 4,389 ft (1,338 m).[8]

The town's total area is estimated at 39.4 square miles (102.05 km2)[citation needed]. Part of the Toro Negro State Forest is located within the municipality of Jayuya. Rivers like Río Naranjito and Río Yunes, as well as the Río Grande de Jayuya and its various affluents, flow through this municipality.

Barrios

Subdivisions of Jayuya.

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Jayuya is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in the center of the municipality, in a barrio referred to as "el pueblo".[9][10][11][12]

  1. Coabey
  2. Collores
  3. Jauca
  4. Jayuya Abajo
  5. Jayuya barrio-pueblo
  6. Mameyes Arriba
  7. Pica
  8. Río Grande
  9. Saliente
  10. Veguitas
  11. Zamas

Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions)[13] and subbarrios,[14] are further subdivided into smaller areas called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.[15][16][17]

Special Communities

See also: Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development

Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Jayuya: Gripiñas, Puerto Plata, Saliente, Salientito, Las Arenas, Comunidad Mario Canals (Sector El Salto), Comunidad Márquez, Hoyo Frío, Sector El Nudo, Santa Clara, Sector San Felipe, and Sector Las Casitas in Vista Alegre.[18][19]

Climate

As in most municipalities located in the mountain region, the climate is mostly cool with temperatures in the 80 to 70 °F (27 to 21 °C) range. However, they are known to go as low as 50 or 60 °F (10 or 16 °C) during some winters.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
192012,463—
193012,223−1.9%
194014,58919.4%
195015,1133.6%
196014,633−3.2%
197013,588−7.1%
198014,7228.3%
199015,5275.5%
200017,31811.5%
201016,642−3.9%
202014,779−11.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1920–1930[21]
1930–1950[22] 1960–2000[23] 2010[11] 2020[24]
Hacienda San Pedro

Festivals and events

Jayuya celebrates its patron saint festival in September. The Fiestas Patronales Nuestra Señora de la Monserrate is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.[8][26] The festival has featured live performances by well-known artists such as Victor Manuelle.[27]

Other festivals and events celebrated in Jayuya include:

  • Three Kings Festival- January
  • Jíbaro Tomato Festival- February
  • National Indigenous Festival- November
  • La Monserrate Marathon- September

Tourism

Due to its location, Jayuya is usually mentioned as the obligatory municipality to visit when visiting the center of the island of Puerto Rico. There are several landmarks for tourists to consider like the Nemesio Canales Museum at his historic home and El Cemí Museum,[28] both located in the same area on a small valley to the west of the downtown district.[29] Also, the Taíno tomb in the city's downtown has the remains of a Taíno Indian found in an excavation. Nearby, there's a monument to Chief Hayuya, cacique of the region.

In the outskirts of the city, tourists can visit the Cerro de Punta, highest peak in the island of Puerto Rico, as well as the other mountains mentioned (Tres Picachos, for example). The Toro Negro State Forest can also be reached through the city.

Casa Museo Canales

Jayuya is home to the first aerostat in Puerto Rico and one of the world's largest. It is located in barrio Mameyes, at 3,200 feet above sea level. When the aerostat lifts, it reaches 3,500 feet where it has a panoramic view of 360 degrees.[30]

Coffee production can be seen at Hacienda San Pedro located in Jayuya.[31]

Economy

Agriculture

Jayuya's economy has always depended greatly on agriculture. Products like coffee, tomato, and other vegetables are produced and distributed in the region. Livestock is another part of the city's economy.

Industry

In the middle of the 20th century, several manufacturing industries established in Jayuya, aiming to revitalize the economy as well as provide work for the residents. Some of the companies currently in the city are Baxter Healthcare and Abbott Laboratories. A bridge used by these companies for the delivery of their materials to their plants was destroyed by Hurricane Maria. Work was set to begin on the bridge in 2019.[32]

Government

Main article: Mayoralty in Puerto Rico

Like all municipalities in Puerto Rico, Jayuya is administered by a mayor. The current mayor is Jorge González Otero, from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). González was elected at the 1996 general election.

The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district V, which is represented by two senators. In 2012, Ramón Ruiz and Martín Vargas Morales, from the Popular Democratic Party, were elected as district senators.[33]

Transportation

There are 34 bridges in Jayuya.[34]

Education

As all other municipalities in the island, Jayuya is part of the Puerto Rico Department of Education. It has several elementary schools distributed throughout the city's barrios. However, there's currently only one public high school, Josefina León Zayas High School, located in the city's downtown. The high school is LEED certified, for having a green-building design.[35]

The Metropolitan University, a private institution, has a campus in the municipality's downtown area.

Former mayors

  • 1883 Julio Grau Battle – District Commissioner
  • 1911–16 Rosario Canales
  • 1916–20 Juan de Jesús López
  • 1920–24 Ramón B. Marrero
  • 1928 José Rivera Aponte (3 months)
  • 1928–36 Jesús Dávila Rodríguez
  • 1936–40 Vicente Santiago Reyes – Coalition Republican-Socialist
  • 1940–44 Juan Oliver Frau PPD
  • 1944 Mario Canales Torresola PPD (intern)
  • 1944–48 Manuel Diversé PPD
  • 1948–52 Ramón de Jesús Soto PPD
  • 1952–68 Adrián Torres Torres PPD
  • 1968–72 Rafael A. Ríos Delgado PNP
  • 1972–76 José D. "Lolo" Castro González PPD
  • 1976–84 Antonio Reyes Santiago PNP
  • 1984–92 Venancio A. Tejedor León PPD
  • 1992–96 José A. Rivera Rodríguez PNP
  • 1996 -Jorge L. González Otero(PPD)

Additional information

  • July 11, 1883 – The first parish was established
  • March 9, 1911 – Municipality was established
  • Mayte Vega Torres – National Winner Walker, athlete

Symbols

The municipio has an official flag and coat of arms.[36]

Flag

The flag is rectangular in shape and derives its symbolism from the coat of arms. It symbolizes the spirit of people proud of their Taíno heritage and their hospitality.[37]

Coat of arms

Jayuya's coat of arms consists of a shield with a three tower crown above, which is standard for municipalities. Inside the shield, centered at the top, a crown representing Chief Hayuya's monarchy. In the center a green band with a white border representing the Tres Picachos (Three Peaks) mountains. The green color symbolizes the countryside and the town's matron, La Virgen de la Monserrate. At the bottom of the shield, is a petroglyph known as the Taíno Sun found in Jayuya.[37]

  • Puerto Rico's south shore, from the mountains of Jayuya, taken from Highway 143
    Puerto Rico's south shore, from the mountains of Jayuya, taken from Highway 143
  • School damaged by Hurricane María in 2017
    School damaged by Hurricane María in 2017
  • Mountain in Jayuya
    Mountain in Jayuya
  • Hacienda Gripiñas in Jayuya
    Hacienda Gripiñas in Jayuya
  • Cemi Museum in Coabey
    Cemi Museum in Coabey

See also

References

  1. ^ "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  2. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  3. ^ Jayuya... El Pueblo de Los Tres Picachos Archived September 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine – Retrieved September 24, 2012
  4. ^ Mi pueblo del tomate, Jayuya Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine – Retrieved September 24, 2012
  5. ^ Baez, Alvin (October 18, 2017). "The search for water in Puerto Rico". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  6. ^ "Save our Souls: a window into Puerto Rico post-Maria realities". CONFLUENCE magazine. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  7. ^ "María, un nombre que no vamos a olvidar. Aislados en Jayuya" [Maria, a name we will never forget. Isolated in Jayuya]. El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). June 13, 2019. Archived from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Jayuya Municipality". enciclopediapr.org. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH). Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  9. ^ Picó, Rafael; Buitrago de Santiago, Zayda; Berrios, Hector H. Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  10. ^ Gwillim Law (May 20, 2015). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  11. ^ a b Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf (PDF). U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  12. ^ "Map of Jayuya at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  13. ^ "US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition". factfinder.com. US Census. Archived from the original on May 13, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  14. ^ "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Jayuya Municipio, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  15. ^ "Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)". Puerto Rico Budgets (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  16. ^ Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
  17. ^ "Leyes del 2001". Lex Juris Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  18. ^ Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 (1st ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, p. 273, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
  19. ^ "Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish). August 8, 2011. Archived from the original on June 24, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  20. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  21. ^ "Table 3-Population of Municipalities: 1930 1920 and 1910" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  22. ^ "Table 4-Area and Population of Municipalities Urban and Rural: 1930 to 1950" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  23. ^ "Table 2 Population and Housing Units: 1960 to 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  24. ^ "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  25. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  26. ^ "Puerto Rico Festivales, Eventos y Actividades en Puerto Rico". Puerto Rico Hoteles y Paradores (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  27. ^ "Fiestas Patronales en honor a la Virgen de la Monserrate". sondeaquiprnet. El Gobierno Municipal de Jayuya. Archived from the original on July 3, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  28. ^ "Cemi Museum". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  29. ^ "From The Trenches – Off the Grid – La Piedra Escrita". archive.archaeology.org. Archived from the original on November 5, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  30. ^ "Alcalde de Jayuya dice recuperará inversión del globo a tres años". April 5, 2017. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  31. ^ Rivera, Edwin (November 6, 2012). "Hacienda San Pedro – Jayuya Puerto Rico". Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019 – via YouTube.
  32. ^ Irizarry Álvarez, Femmy (January 6, 2019). "Comenzarán trabajos del puente sobre río Viví en Utuado". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  33. ^ Elecciones Generales 2012: Escrutinio General Archived January 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on CEEPUR
  34. ^ "Jayuya Bridges". National Bridge Inventory Data. US Dept. of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  35. ^ "JOSEFINA LEÓN ZAYAS HS". ROSSILUGO. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  36. ^ "Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios". LexJuris de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  37. ^ a b "JAYUYA". LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). February 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.

Further reading

  • Mapa de municipios y barrios - Jayuya - Memoria Núm. 68 (PDF). University of Puerto Rico: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Oficina del Gobernador, Junta de Planificacion, Santurce, Puerto Rico. 1955.
  • Historia, imagen, y sentir de un pueblo: Jayuya – Aura Pierluissi de Rodríguez
  • En busca de mis ángeles – Iris de Jesus
  • Worker in the Cane – Sidney Mintz
  • Tiempos revueltos – Vionette G. Negretti
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