Monarcha
| Monarcha | |
|---|---|
| |
| Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Monarchidae |
| Genus: | Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 |
| Type species | |
| Muscipeta carinata[1] Swainson, 1830
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Monarcha is a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia and Melanesia.
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Monarcha was introduced by naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) as the type species.[2][3] The genus formerly included many more species. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 nineteen species were moved to the resurrected genus Symposiachrus and three to Carterornis.[4][5]
Extant species
The genus Monarcha contains the following seven species:[5]
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
_(1).JPG) |
Island monarch | Monarcha cinerascens | Sulawesi to the Solomon Islands. |
 |
Black-faced monarch | Monarcha melanopsis | Australia and New Guinea |
 |
Black-winged monarch | Monarcha frater | Australia and New Guinea |
| Chestnut-bellied monarch includes Bougainville monarch | Monarcha castaneiventris | Solomon Islands. | |
| White-capped monarch | Monarcha richardsii | Western Province in the Solomon Islands. | |
| Yap monarch | Monarcha godeffroyi | Yap Main Islands, Micronesia. | |
 |
Tinian monarch | Monarcha takatsukasae | Northern Mariana Islands. |
Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Monarcha:
- Black-naped monarch (as Monarcha azurea)[6]
- Rarotonga monarch (as Monarches dimidiatus)[7]
- Marquesan monarch (as Monarcha mendozae)[8]
- Black monarch (as Monarcha axillaris)[9]
- Black-bibbed monarch (as Monarcha mundus)[10]
- Flores monarch (as Monarcha sacerdotum)[11]
- Boano monarch (as Monarcha boanensis)[12]
- Spectacled monarch (as Monarcha trivirgatus)[13]
- Spectacled monarch (Seram) (as Monarcha nigrimentum)[14]
- Spectacled monarch (bernsteinii) (as Monarcha bernsteini)[15]
- Spectacled monarch (melanopterus) (as Monarcha melanoptera)[16]
- Spectacled monarch (albiventris) (as Monarcha albiventris)[17]
- Spectacled monarch (gouldii) (as Monarcha gouldii)[18]
- Kai monarch (as Monarcha leucurus)[19]
- Tanahjampea monarch (as Monarcha everetti)[20]
- Kofiau monarch (as Monarcha julianae)[21]
- Biak monarch (as Monarcha brehmii)[22]
- Manus monarch (as Monarcha infelix)[23]
- Mussau monarch (as Monarcha menckei)[24]
- Black-tailed monarch (as Monarcha verticalis)[25]
- Djaul monarch (as Monarcha ateralba)[26]
- Solomons monarch (as Monarcha barbata)[27]
- Malaita monarch (as Monarcha malaitae)[28]
- Kolombangara monarch (as Monarcha browni or Monarcha kulambangrae)[29]
- Kolombangara monarch (nigrotectus) (as Monarcha nigrotectus)[30]
- White-collared monarch (as Monarcha vidua or Monarcha viduus)[31]
- White-eared monarch (as Monarcha leucotis)[32]
- White-naped monarch (as Monarcha pileatus)[33]
- White-naped monarch (buruensis) (as Monarcha buruensis)[34]
- Tanimbar monarch (as Monarcha castus)[35]
- Golden monarch (as Monarcha chrysomela)[36]
- Golden monarch (aruensis) (as Monarcha aruensis)[37]
- Golden monarch (melanonotus) (as Monarcha melanonotus)[38]
- Golden monarch (kordensis) (as Monarcha kordensis)[39]
- Ochre-collared monarch (as Monarcha insularis)[40]
- Shining flycatcher (as Monarcha alecto)[41]
- Velvet flycatcher (as Monarcha hebetior)[42]
References
- ^ "Monarchidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [254–255]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 500.
- ^ Filardi, C.E.; Smith, C.E. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetics of monarch flycatchers (genus Monarcha) with emphasis on Solomon Island endemics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 776–788. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..776F. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.007. PMID 16291094.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Monarchs". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
- ^ Harrison, John; Worfolk, Tim (2011-01-27). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199585663.
- ^ "Pomarea dimidiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Pomarea mendozae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Symposiachrus axillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ^ "Symposiachrus mundus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus sacerdotum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus boanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus nigrimentum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus bernsteinii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanopterus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus everetti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus loricatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus brehmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus infelix - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus menckei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus barbatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Symposiachrus malaitae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103713884A104089936. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103713884A104089936.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni nigrotectus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Carterornis leucotis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus buruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis castus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela aruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela kordensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Arses insularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Myiagra alecto - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
- ^ "Myiagra hebetior - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
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