Ratle Hydroelectric Plant

Ratle Dam
Location of Ratle Dam in Jammu and Kashmir Show map of Jammu and Kashmir Ratle Hydroelectric Plant (India) Show map of India
Country	India
Location	Drabshalla, Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir
Coordinates	33°10′55″N 75°48′19″E / 33.1819°N 75.8052°E / 33.1819; 75.8052
Purpose	Power
Status	Under construction
Construction began	2022
Opening date	2026 (est.)
Owner(s)	NHPC LIMITED
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Gravity
Impounds	Chenab River
Height	133 m (436 ft)
Reservoir
Active capacity	10,000,000 m3 (8,100 acre⋅ft)
Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
Coordinates	33°9′9.21″N 75°45′05.68″E / 33.1525583°N 75.7515778°E / 33.1525583; 75.7515778
Type	4 x 205 MW, 1 x 30 MW Francis-type
Hydraulic head	100.39 m (329.4 ft)
Installed capacity	850 MW

The Ratle Hydroelectric Plant is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station, with permitted pondage under the Indus Water Treaty, currently under construction on the Chenab River, downstream of the village near Drabshalla in Kishtwar district of the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The project includes a 133 m (436 ft) tall gravity dam and two power stations adjacent to one another. Water from the dam will be diverted through four intake tunnels about 400 m (0.25 mi) southwest to the power stations. The main power station will contain four 205 MW Francis turbines and the auxiliary power station will contain one 30 MW Francis turbine. The installed capacity of both power stations will be 850 MW.^[1][2] On 25 June 2013, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the dam. Pakistan has frequently alleged that it violates the Indus Waters Treaty.^[3][4]

Construction of the project was started in January 2022 by the EPC contractor "Megha Engineering Ltd"^[5] The project is scheduled to commence operations in 2026. The 850MW facility is expected to generate up to 3,136 million units of electricity in a year. The Public Investment Board (PIB) of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, recommended an investment approval of $690m (Rs52.82bn) for the project in September 2020.

Pakistan raised objections citing violations of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) which are being parallelly undergoing arbitration by a Court of Arbitration (CoA) and a World Bank-appointed Neutral Expert.^[6] The following are the disputes, mostly technical in nature, raised on the project.^[7]

• Whether India’s proposed design for a maximum Pondage of 23.86 million cubic meters for the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant is based on a method of calculations that contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(c) of Annexure D?
• Whether India’s proposed design for submerged power intakes at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(f) of Annexure D?
• Whether India’s proposed design for low-level sediment outlets at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant, in the form of a deep orifice spillway with five large, gated openings far below the Dead Storage Level and deep in the reservoir, contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(d) of Annexure D?
• Whether India’s proposed design for gated spillways for flood control at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant, with the bottom level of the gates in a normally closed position located approximately 31 meters below the Dead Storage Level and deep in the reservoir, contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(e) of Annexure D?
• Whether India’s proposed design for 2 meters of freeboard at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(a) of Annexure D?

The CoA also indicated that the objections to the project were submitted by Pakistan after a period of three months not meeting the Annexure D (10) stipulation of IWT.^[7] Annexure D (10) says that if no objection is received by India from Pakistan within the specified period of three months, then Pakistan shall be deemed to have no objection to the project.^[8]

• In June 2010, chief minister Omar Abdullah gave a letter of intent to construct a 690 MW Rattle HEP on tariff-based bidding.^[9]
• In October 2012, the state cabinet approved the project, enhancing its capacity from 690 MW to 850 MW.^[10]
• In June 2013, Prime minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the project.^[11] Reports appeared in Pakistani press calling it "another blow to Pakistan's water interests". Pakistan's Indus Commissioner, Mirza Asif Baig said that Pakistan raised objections to the design of the project.^[12][13]
• In October 2013, it was revealed that the project was awarded to Hyderabad-based GVK Energy Limited on a build-own-operate-transfer basis for a 35 year period.^[14]
• As of May 2015, the project was yet to start.^[15]
• In January 2017, reports appeared stating that Pakistan wanted a Court of Arbitration to decide the disputed issues. India had instead sought for a Neutral Expert.^[16]
• In August 2017, the World Bank allowed India to construct the dam. It happened after Pakistan alleged that the construction of the dam was not in line with the Indus Water Treaty.^[17] In October 2018, the state government approached the central government with joint venture proposals to resume construction. If a proposal is accepted, completion is expected at earliest in 2022.^[18]
• In November 2018, India decided to activate the construction of the project considering Pakistan's objection invalid under Indus Waters Treaty obligations.^[19]
• On 3 February 2019, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was exchanged among NHPC Limited, Jammu & Kashmir State Power Development Department (JKPDD) and J&K State Power Development Corporation (JKSPDC) for execution of 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project in the presence of Prime Minister, Narendra Modi at Vijaypur in the Samba district.^[20]
• In December 2019, construction works were started by India, pushing Pakistan to send the World Bank new protests against the dam.^[21]
• A fresh Supplementary MOU between NHPC, JKSPDC has been signed on dated 03.01.2021 to execute the project through a Joint Venture Company (JVC). In the supplementary MoU, the clause of MoU dated 3 February 2019 regarding purchase of NHPCs equity by JKSPDCL from the end of the 5th year after date of commissioning over 15 years through equal installments have been deleted. Now, the share of NHPC in the Joint Venture Company shall not be brought below 51% and share of JKSPDCL shall not be brought below 49%.^{[citation needed]}
• The previous MOU between GVK and JKSPDC was called off, since the construction of project was left over by GVK.^{[citation needed]}

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