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SS Lima

The ship as Westerwald
History
Name
  • 1908: Westerwald
  • 1916: Lima
Namesake1908: Westerwald
Owner
Operator
  • 1916: Transportes Mar do Estado
  • 1926: Bensaude & Cia
Port of registry
Route
BuilderFurness, Withy, Middleton
Yard number306
Launched22 October 1907
CompletedJuly 1908
Identification
Fatescrapped December 1969
General characteristics
Typepassenger and cargo ship
Tonnage3,901 GRT, 2,390 NRT
Length352.1 ft (107.3 m)
Beam45.1 ft (13.7 m)
Depth26.0 ft (7.9 m)
Decks2
Installed power359 NHP
Propulsion
Speed11 knots (20 km/h)
Sensors and
processing systems		by 1942: echo sounding device
Notessister ships: Spreewald, Frankenwald

SS Lima was a passenger and cargo steamship that was launched in England in 1907 as Westerwald for Hamburg America Line (HAPAG)'s Caribbean services. Portugal seized her in 1916, renamed her Lima, and used her as a troopship. By 1926 the Empresa Insulana de Navegação (EIN) had bought her for its service to Madeira and the Azores. She was scrapped in Portugal in 1969.

She was the first of two HAPAG ships that were called Westerwald. The second was launched in 1921 and sunk in 1940.[1] She was also the first of two EIN ships that were called Lima. The second was a Danish ship that was built in 1966, and which EIN bought and renamed Lima in 1972.[2]

Building

In 1907 and 1908 Furness, Withy & Co built three sister ships in Middleton, Hartlepool for HAPAG. Yard number 306 was launched on 22 October 1907 as Westerwald, and completed in July 1908.[3] Yard number 307 was launched on 21 November 1907 as Spreewald, and completed in September 1908.[4] Yard number 308 was launched on 20 January 1908 as Frankenwald, and completed in October 1908.[5]

Westerwald's registered length was 352.1 ft (107.3 m), her beam was 45.1 ft (13.7 m), and her depth was 26.0 ft (7.9 m). Her tonnages were 3,901 GRT and 2,390 NRT. She had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine built by Richardsons Westgarth & Company. It was rated at 359 NHP,[6] and gave her a speed of 11 knots (20 km/h).[3]

Westerwald

HAPAG registered Westerwald at Hamburg. Her code letters were RPWH.[6] By 1912 she was equipped with wireless telegraphy.[7] By 1914 her call sign was DWE.[8]

HAPAG ran a service between Denmark, Germany, and the Danish West Indies, using ships including St. Croix, St. Jan and St. Thomas, which it had bought from the Østasiatiske Kompagni (ØK) and renamed Sachsenwald, Odenwald, and Niederwald.[9] By October 1908 Westerwald had joined this route, with ports of call including San Juan, Puerto Rico.[10] There are records from 1910 of her calling at Saint Croix as well as San Juan.[11][12][13]

By 1912 Westerwald was on HAPAG's Atlas Service between New York and the Caribbean. Her ports of call included Philadelphia, Inagua, Jamaica, and Port-au-Prince.[14][15] [16][17][18][19] HAPAG advertised that for the season from September 1912 to January 1913 Westerwald's route was between New York and Cartagena in Colombia. On outward voyages she was to call at Inagua, Saint-Marc, Port-au-Prince, Petit-Goâve, Miragoâne, and Jacmel. On return voyages she was to call at Puerto Colombia, Santa Marta, Jérémie, Port-au-Prince, and Inagua.[20] Westerwald remained on this route until at least the end of March 1913.[21]

In April 1913 HAPAG advertised that on 10 May Westerwald was to sail direct from New York to Hamburg.[22][23] That transatlantic crossing was Westerwald's departure from the Atlas Service.

At 11:00 hrs on 1 August 1914, with the First World War imminent, HAPAG announced the suspension of its services.[24] Germany ordered its merchant ships to take refuge in the nearest German or neutral port. Portugal was neutral, despite its long alliance with the United Kingdom, so from 4 August Westerwald sheltered in Lisbon.[25]

Seizure

On 23 February 1916, the commander of the Portuguese Navy division in Lisbon seized 36 German and Austro-Hungarian merchant ships that had been sheltering in the Tagus.[26] Portugal denied that this was an act of war, and declared that it would respect the rights of German shipowners.[27] Portugal stated that it had requisitioned the ships "in the public interest",[28] for the "necessities of the nation's economic situation".[29] It had not confiscated the ships, and they would be converted for "transport and other purposes".[28]

On 25 February Portugal seized eight German ships in São Vicente, Cape Verde,[29] and announced that it intended to requisition German and Austro-Hungarian ships in other ports in Portugal and the Portuguese Empire.[28] On 28 February, a German diplomatic note to Portugal protested that the seizure of the ships violated German treaty rights.[30] By 3 March, Portugal had seized all German ships in Mormugão in Goa.[31] On 9 March, Germany declared war on Portugal.[32]

Lima

The ship as Lima

Westerwald was renamed Lima and registered in Lisbon. She was used to take troops to and from Madeira and the Azores.[25] By 1919 her code letters were HLIM.[33]

By 1926 the Portuguese government had sold Lima to the EIN, which was part of Bensaude & Companhia.[34] EIN operated scheduled services between Lisbon, the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands.

By 1934 Lima's wireless call sign was CSAZ, and this had superseded her code letters.[35] By 1942 her navigation equipment included an echo sounding device.[36]

On 23 June 1942 U-84 sank the Norwegian steamship Torvanger in the North Atlantic. Some of the survivors reached Faial in the Azores in two boats on 5 July. They embarked on Lima on 5 July, and disambarked in Lisbon nine days later.[37]

Funchal in 1977

In November 1961 the new motor ship Funchal joined Lima on EIN's Lisbon – Azores – Madeira service. Lima was scrapped in Lisbon in December 1969.[3]

References

  1. ^ Haws 1980, p. 128.
  2. ^ Swiggum, Susan; Kohli, Marjorie (3 February 2005). "Empreza Insulana de Navegacao / Insular Line". theshipslist. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Westerwald". Tees Built Ships. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Spreewald". Tees Built Ships. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  5. ^ "Frankenwald". Tees Built Ships. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b Lloyd's Register 1911, WES.
  7. ^ Lloyd's Register 1912, WES.
  8. ^ The Marconi Press Agency Ltd 1914, p. 379.
  9. ^ Haws 1980, p. 90.
  10. ^ "Revista Comercial. Movimento maritimo". La Correspondencia de Puerto-Rico (in Spanish). San Juan. 31 October 1908. p. 6. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  11. ^ "Passengers. Frederiksted". St. Croix Avis. No. 9. Christiansted. 29 January 1910. p. 3. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  12. ^ "Comercial. Entradas del exterior". La Correspondencia de Puerto-Rico (in Spanish). San Juan. 3 May 1910. p. 6. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  13. ^ "Passengers. Christiansted". St. Croix Avis. No. 44. Christiansted. 1 June 1910. p. 2. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  14. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Sun. New York. 22 March 1912. p. 13. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  15. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Sun. New York. 29 March 1912. p. 15. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  16. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Sun. New York. 16 July 1912. p. 13. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  17. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Sun. New York. 14 August 1912. p. 13. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  18. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Evening Star. Newark. 7 September 1912. p. 14. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  19. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Sun. New York. 9 September 1912. p. 13. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  20. ^ Larsson, Björn. "Hamburg-American Line". marine timetable images. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  21. ^ "Marine Intelligence". The Sun. New York. 30 March 1913. p. 15. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  22. ^ "Hamburg – American (advertisement)". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. 27 April 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  23. ^ "Hamburg – American (advertisement)". Washington Journal (in German). Washington, DC. 3 May 1913. p. 6. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  24. ^ "English lines stop ships to Continent". The New York Times. 2 August 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  25. ^ a b Haws 1980, p. 99.
  26. ^ "Portuguese Naval Commander Seizes 36 Teuton Ships, All Austria and Germany Had in the Tagus River". The New York Times. 24 February 1916. p. 1. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  27. ^ "Portugal to explain seizure of vessels". The New York Times. 24 February 1916. p. 3. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  28. ^ a b c "80 more ships to be seized". The New York Times. 26 February 1916. p. 2. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  29. ^ a b "Germany threatens war on Portugal". The New York Times. 2 March 1916. p. 3. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  30. ^ "Berlin protests to Lisbon". The New York Times. 29 February 1916. p. 3. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  31. ^ "Seize more German ships". The New York Times. 4 March 1916. p. 4. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  32. ^ "German at war with Portugal". The New York Times. 10 March 1916. p. 3. Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  33. ^ Lloyd's Register 1919, LIK–LIM.
  34. ^ Lloyd's Register 1926, LIL–LIM.
  35. ^ Lloyd's Register 1934, LIL–LIM.
  36. ^ Lloyd's Register 1942, LIL–LIM.
  37. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Torvanger". uboat.net. Retrieved 11 March 2024.

Bibliography

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