Wamin language

Agwamin
Agwamin
Wamin
Native to	Australia
Region	Queensland
Ethnicity	Ewamin, Wakaman
Extinct	by 2005
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Southern Paman Agwamin; ;
Dialects	Agwamin; Wamin;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	wmi
Glottolog	wami1239
AIATSIS	Y132, Y133, Y108
ELP	Agwamin
	Traditional lands of the Aboriginal peoples around Cairns; Agwamin in yellow.

Wamin, also known as Agwamin or Ewamian, is an Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland spoken by the Ewamian people.^[1] Wamin was traditionally spoken in the Etheridge region, in the areas around Einasliegh, Georgetown, and Mount Surprise.^[2]^[3]

Alternative names and dialects

The language of Ewamian people, now undergoing revival,^[4] is variously known as Wamin or Agwamin. Elder Fred Fulford, as documented by Peter Sutton in the early 1970s, explained that Agwamin and Wamin were originally two mutually intelligible dialects, one 'heavy' and one 'light'.^[5] There was said to be one living speaker of the language alive in 1981.^[6] Dixon (2002) counts Wamin as an alternative name for Agwamin.^[7]

The language of the Wakaman people, Wagaman, is thought by some linguists to be a variant of the mutually intelligible Agwamin and Wamin languages.^[8]^[9]^[10]

The following is a list of alternative names for Wamin:^[11]

Wamin
Agwamin
E'wamin
Ewamin
Wimanja
Egwamin
Gwamin
Ak Waumin
Wamin
Wommin, Waumin, Wawmin
Walamin
Wommin
Walming
Wailoolo

Phonology

Consonants

	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical
	Labial	Velar	Dental	Palatal	Alveolar/ Retroflex
Plosive	p	k	t̪	c	t
Nasal	m	ŋ	n̪	ɲ	n
Trill					r
Lateral					l
Approximant	w			j	ɻ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e	ɵ	o
Low		a

/ɵ/ may also be heard as a [ə] sound.^[12]

Vocabulary

Some words in Wamin language are:

twa (dog)^[11]
moa (man)^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Y132 Agwamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
^ This Wik.ipedia.Pro article incorporates text from Agwamin published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 30 May 2022.
^ Crump, Des (2020-09-28). "Language of the Week: Week Eighteen - Agwamin". State Library Of Queensland. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
^ "About Ewamian People". Ewamian People Aboriginal Corporation. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
^ ^a ^b Sutton, Peter (1976). "The diversity of initial dropping languages in southern Cape York". In Sutton, Peter (ed.). Languages of Cape York: papers presented to the linguistic symposium, part B, held in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Biennial General Meeting, May, 1974. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. pp. 116–120.
^ Wurm, S.A.; Hattori, S. (1981). Language atlas of the Pacific area, part 1 and 2. Pacific Linguistics, Series C. Vol. 66 and 67. Canberra: Australian National University.
^ Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: their nature and development. Cambridge University Press.
^ Y108 Wagaman at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ Y132 Agwamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ Y132.1 Wamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ ^a ^b Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Ewamin (QLD)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
^ Sutton, Peter J. (1976). The diversity of initial dropping languages in southern Cape York. In Sutton, Peter (ed.), Languages of Cape York: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. pp. 102–123.

External links

[AIATSIS-1] Y132 Agwamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)

[:SLQ37-2] This Wik.ipedia.Pro article incorporates text from Agwamin published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 30 May 2022.

[3] Crump, Des (2020-09-28). "Language of the Week: Week Eighteen - Agwamin". State Library Of Queensland. Retrieved 2023-12-14.

[Ewamian-4] "About Ewamian People". Ewamian People Aboriginal Corporation. Retrieved 21 June 2023.

[Sutton1976-5] Sutton, Peter (1976). "The diversity of initial dropping languages in southern Cape York". In Sutton, Peter (ed.). Languages of Cape York: papers presented to the linguistic symposium, part B, held in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Biennial General Meeting, May, 1974. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. pp. 116–120.

[Wurm-6] Wurm, S.A.; Hattori, S. (1981). Language atlas of the Pacific area, part 1 and 2. Pacific Linguistics, Series C. Vol. 66 and 67. Canberra: Australian National University.

[Dixon2002-7] Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: their nature and development. Cambridge University Press.

[8] Y108 Wagaman at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

[9] Y132 Agwamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

[10] Y132.1 Wamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

[Tindale1974-11] Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Ewamin (QLD)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.

[12] Sutton, Peter J. (1976). The diversity of initial dropping languages in southern Cape York. In Sutton, Peter (ed.), Languages of Cape York: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. pp. 102–123.

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